Advances in sequencing technology DNA allowed the collection of samples from different environments, revealing the DNA present in each one. Unlike in the past, where it was necessary to search for a specific DNA sequence with specialized equipment, this approach is no longer necessary.
It is now possible to obtain a comprehensive view of the genetic material in a sample by exploring the entire set of available genetic information and obtaining valuable answers about the genetic composition of the studied environment.
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This non-invasive approach to DNA sequencing has proven useful for studying wild populations, endangered species and invasive species. In addition, it has been applied in the monitoring of pathogens such as SARS-CoV-2, mpox, polio and tuberculosis in wastewater samples.
The researchers pointed out that among the DNA present in these environmental samples, we also found our own genetic material. This highlights the importance of considering the presence of human DNA when interpreting results and ensuring samples are properly analyzed for research and monitoring purposes.
Presence of human DNA in environmental studies raises alarm
Liam Whitmore, a zoologist and conservationist who specializes in green turtles, and his team recognized the possible presence of human DNA in their research samples. To investigate this question, they decided to analyze old water and sand samples collected as part of a wildlife and pathogen monitoring study.
The objective was to determine if human DNA was present and to what extent, in order to assess possible impacts on the research and the results obtained.
In a more detailed analysis, Whitmore and his team conducted a targeted search for specific human genomic sequences in the water, sand and air samples. They discovered a significant amount of genomic regions that could provide information about a person's ancestry and their propensity for disease.
Although they didn't go as far as to identify specific individuals, they did note that these sequences could be compared to publicly available genetic data with relative ease.
This highlights the possibility of extracting relevant genetic information from environmental samples, even without directly identifying the individuals involved.
What to do with this discovery?
The findings raise important questions about ethical and regulatory practices related to these types of studies. In the United States and the European Union, researchers who intend to work with identifiable samples of human DNA must follow strict guidelines.
This includes obtaining institutional review board approval and obtaining written informed consent from the involved participants. In addition, the discovery of DNA in the environment has its due importance.
Human DNA present in the environment can have beneficial uses. The monitoring of pathogens and the study of human DNA can be correlated to identify populations susceptible to disease, allowing the implementation of adequate protection measures.
This approach can provide valuable information about cancer progression and aid in early detection and development of personalized therapies.
However, it is crucial to ensure that these practices are carried out with full respect for the privacy of the people involved, following proper consent protocols and ethical regulations.
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