The terms horizontal and vertical are used in different aspects, such as to represent directions, in models of organizations, in the area of economics, among others.
Something is vertical when it is represented from top to bottom (or bottom to top), while horizontal is something represented in a direction parallel to the horizon, or level.
According to the Direction (lines)
The horizontal line is a straight line that has its direction parallel to the horizon, that is, a lying line.
Vertical is a standing straight line, which can be from top to bottom or from bottom to top.
Example of horizontal lines
Example of vertical lines
Horizontal and Vertical in Mathematics
Using the Cartesian plane, the lines can be parallel to the 0x axis or parallel to the 0y axis.
The line that is perpendicular to the 0x axis is considered a vertical line, and the one perpendicular to the 0y axis is considered a horizontal line.
Horizontal and Vertical in the Economy
In economics, the terms are used to explain industrial integration.
A Horizontal Integration it is a growth strategy based on the acquisition of companies that are similar in the same industry, that is, they are direct competitors.
A Vertical Integration occurs when different production processes are controlled by the same company.
Horizontal and Vertical in Organizations
In companies, the terms horizontal and vertical are used to classify the internal organization mode.
A horizontal structure in a company is when it has an organization without management, where employees have the same degrees of importance and authorization to make decisions.
One vertical organization is one in which there is a hierarchy, where the president or CEO is at the top and other subdivisions with supervisors below.
And what is a diagonal line?
Any line that is not a vertical or horizontal line is considered a diagonal.
The diagonal is a straight line parallel to the orthogonal axis, going from one angle to another opposite angle. It can be said that it is a transversal line, or also oblique.
Example of diagonal lines
See also the difference between Lenght, width and height.
