The answer to the question what is saturated solution is very simple, because it is a mixture that has the greatest amount of solute that a certain amount solvent can dissolve at a certain temperature.
And in saturated solution the solvent always dissolves the maximum amount of solute, we will visually have, in this case, a homogeneous system, that is, with only one phase.
Representations of saturated solutions
Thus, if we add any more of the solute to the saturated solution, there will be no complete dissolution and this The additional amount added will remain at the bottom of the container, if denser than the solvent, or on the surface, if less dense than the solvent.
THE saturated solution, with the amount of solute that agglomerates at the bottom of the container, you can receive one of the titles proposed below:
saturated solution with precipitate;
saturated solution with floor body;
saturated solution with background body.
Representation of a saturated solution with precipitate
without knowing the
solubility coefficient, which is the maximum amount of solute that a solvent can dissolve at a given temperature, it is not possible to determine whether a solution is saturated.Below are some examples of forming solutions.
1st Example: A solution was prepared by adding 20 g of solute X to 100 g solvent Y to 10 OÇ. Knowing that the solubility coefficient is 15 g of solute X per 100 g of solvent at 10 OC, we can say that we have a saturated solution?
The solubility coefficient indicates that 100 g of solvent Y dissolves 15 g of solute X at 10 OÇ. As the solution was prepared using 20 g of X in 100 g of Y, soon the solvent will dissolve its limit, which is 15 g, and there will be 5 g of undissolved solute left. So this is a saturated solution with background body.
2nd Example: A solution was prepared by adding 40 g of solute X to 200 g of solvent Y at 25 OÇ. Knowing that the solubility coefficient is 20 g of solute X per 100 g of solvent at 25 OC, we can say that it is a saturated solution?
The solubility coefficient indicates that 100 g of solvent Y can dissolve 20 g of solute X at 25 OÇ. The solution was prepared using 40 g of X in 200 g of Y, so the solvent will dissolve its limit, for 200 g of solvent dissolves 40 g of solute, just as 100 g of solvent dissolves 20 g of solute. Therefore, we have a saturated solution.
3rd Example: A solution was prepared by adding 25 g of solute X to 100 g of solvent Y at 30 OÇ. Knowing that the solubility coefficient is 35 g of solute X per 100 g of solvent at 30 OC, we can say that we have a saturated solution?
The solubility coefficient indicates that 100 g of solvent Y dissolves 35 g of solute X at 30 OÇ. The solution was prepared by adding 25 g of X to 100 g of Y, so the solvent will dissolve a amount less than your limit, which is 35 g, with 10 g of solute missing to reach your maximum dissolution. So we have a solution that is not saturated.
Heads up: When the solvent dissolves an amount below its limit, a unsaturated solution.
By Me. Diogo Lopes Dias
Source: Brazil School - https://brasilescola.uol.com.br/o-que-e/quimica/o-que-e-solucao-saturada.htm