The verb is the class of words that expresses action, state, change of state, phenomenon of nature and has numerous inflections, so that their conjugation is made through variations of person, number, tense, mood, voice and appearance.
Structure of the Word
The verb consists of three elements:
1. Radical
The radical is the base. In it is expressed the meaning of the verb.
Examples: DISSERT- (dissert-ar), ESCLAREC- (clarify-er), CONTRIBU- (contribute-ir).
2. Thematic Vowel
The thematic vowel joins the stem to receive the endings and thus conjugate the verbs. The result of this union is called theme.
Thus, theme = stem + thematic vowel.
Examples: DISSERTS- (disserts-r), CLARIFIES- (clarifies-r), CONTRIBUTES- (contributes-r).
The thematic vowel indicates which conjugation the verb belongs to:
1st conjugation covers verbs whose thematic vowel is A: argue, dance, sambar.
2nd conjugation covers verbs whose thematic vowel is E and O: to write, to have, to suppose.
3rd conjugation covers verbs whose thematic vowel is I: emit, evolve, ir.
3. Endings
The endings are the elements that together with the stem promote the conjugations. They can be:
Endingstime-mode when they indicate the modes and times.
Endingspersonal-number when they indicate people.
Examples:
- We dissertation (va-ending of past tense in the indicative mode), (mos- ending of 1st person plural)
- I will clarify (re-ending of future tense in the indicative way), (i- ending of 1st person singular)
- Let us contribute (present mode ending of the subjunctive mode), ( 1st person plural mos- ending)
Push ups
To conjugate the verbs we have to take into account the following inflections.
- People: 1st (me, us); 2nd (you, you) and 3rd (he, they).
- Number: Singular (I, you, he) and Plural (we, you, they).
- Time: Present, Past and Future.
- Mode: Indicative, Subjunctive and Imperative.
- Voice: Active Voice, Passive Voice and Reflective Voice.
We are sure that these texts can help you even more:
- Verb tenses
- Verbal Modes
- verb forms
- Verbal Voices or Verb Voices
Nominal Forms
The nominal forms are: Infinitive, Participle and Gerund:
Personal and Impersonal Infinitive
The infinitive has no temporal or modal value. It is personal when it has a subject and impersonal when, in turn, it has no subject.
Examples:
- The store manager said to go although. (personal infinitive)
- Sing it's delicious! (impersonal infinitive)
Participle
The participle is used as an indicator of completed action, in the formation of compound tenses or as an adjective.
Examples:
- Done work, let's rest!
- Ana already had spoken on that topic.
- silent, the children listened to their parents' sermon.
Gerund
The gerund is used as an adjective or an adverb.
Examples:
- I found John running.
- singing, we will finish quickly.
Classification of Verbs
Verbs are classified as follows:
- VerbsRegulars - They don't have their radical changed. Examples: talking, twisting, coughing.
- VerbsIrregulars - In irregular verbs, in turn, the stem is changed. Examples: give, fit, measure. When the changes are deep, they are called Verbsanomalous; this is the case of verbs to be and to come.
- VerbsDefective - Defective verbs are those that are not conjugated in all people, tenses and moods. They can be of three types:
- impersonal - When verbs indicate, especially, phenomena of nature (it has no subject) and are conjugated in the third person singular, they are impersonal verbs. Examples: rain, thunder, wind.
- one-person - When verbs indicate animal voices and are conjugated in the third person singular or plural, they are unipersonal verbs. Examples: bark, meow, freak out.
- Personal - When verbs have a subject but are not conjugated in all people, they are personal verbs. Examples: banish, go bankrupt, recover.
- Verbsabundant - The abundant verbs are those that accept two or more forms. It is common to occur in the Participle. Examples: accepted and accepted, inserted and inserted, insured and secured.
