O ground it is considered, above all, a natural resource, as it is from it that agricultural practices are carried out, ensuring the basic support of societies both in the food issue, as in the production of materials cousins. Therefore, its indiscriminate exploitation can cause damage far beyond the environmental, but also economic problems, which justifies the need to understand the different conservation techniques, which aim to ensure a relationship of sustainability.
The main problems affecting soils in cultivated areas are:
- Erosive processes, which result in the increasing loss of arable soils, resulting from their exposure to weathering agents, such as water and wind.
- The loss of fertility resulting from the depletion of mineral and organic nutrients also due to pollution or contamination by agricultural defenders.
In this sense, the main cultivation techniques to conserve soils are the terracing, at contour lines, O rooting and the crop rotation.
Index
- Terracing
- rooting
- Contours
- Crop rotation
Terracing
O terracing consists in the implementation of terraces for cultivation in sloped areas. These terraces are nothing more than cuts in the inclined surfaces, giving a formation similar to the steps of a staircase. This composition makes the water lose its displacement force in rainy periods, in order to ensure infiltration (dispensing irrigation) and in order to reduce the erosive impact rainwater (laminar erosion).
rooting
O rooting is an agricultural method that consists of dividing the planting area into three parts: two of them with different cultivation crops and another one in rest. Thus, after each harvest, the use of each of the parts alternates, so that, each time, one will remain at rest, enough to allow the natural replenishment of soil nutrients without the need to stop the protection.
Contours
At contour lines, in turn, consist in the cultivation of species profiling them according to the altimetric variations of the terrain, the which, as in the case of terracing, reduces the impact of erosion by the action of water runoff from the rains.
Crop rotation
THE crop rotation it is specifically aimed at the conservation of soil nutrients and is nothing more than the alternation between the types of agricultural elements to be cultivated. For example, corn is first cultivated and, after harvesting, sorghum is chosen and so on. In this way, each cultivated species is able to replenish the soil nutrients removed by the previous species.
In addition to these techniques, there are many other ways to cultivate the soil without harming its maintenance, thus preventing environmental damage from occurring and financial losses for farmers to shake the economy. This dynamic is also relevant in terms of providing better use of arable areas used, which reduces the pressure to create new agricultural areas in conservation zones. environmental.
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