French king (1610-1643) born in Fontainebleau Palace, eldest son of Henry IV, who died assassinated (1610), and Maria de Médicis, who sponsored the foundation of the French Academy (1634), through the Cardinal Richelieu. Upon assuming the throne he dismissed Concino Concini, strongman of the regency period, and brought to his government the brilliant and energetic Armand-Jean du Plessis Richelieu (1585-1642), the famous Cardinal and Duke of Richelieu.
Appointed prime minister (1624) in a short time, he became the leading figure of the king and absolute lord of France. Politically, he attacked the power of the aristocratic nobility, banned duels and instituted the death penalty as the maximum penalty. He annihilated several conspiracies to try to overthrow him from power, mainly organized by the aristocracy. Named duke (1631) by the king, the efficiency of his prime minister caused the Bourbon Dynasty to continue to flourish.
As a result of Richelieu's work, the monarch became one of the first exemplars of absolutism. He subjugated the Hapsburgs, the French nobility was held firmly under his command, and the special privileges and the political power granted to the Huguenots by their father were canceled, guaranteeing them only the freedom of cult. A powerful navy was built and the port of Le Havre was modernized.
In international affairs, his reign organized the development and administration of New France, and expanded the colony of Quebec westward along the San Lawrence River to Montreal. The king also did everything to reverse the trend of France's up-and-coming artists to work and study in the Italy, and hired great artists such as Nicolas Poussin and Philippe de Champaigne to decorate the Palace of Luxembourg. He married a Hapsburg for convenience, Princess Anne of Austria (1601-1666), daughter of King Philip III of Spain.
Although they lived practically apart, fulfilling her duty, after twenty years of marriage, Anne finally gave birth to a son (1638). He died in Paris and was succeeded (1643) by his son Louis XIV, when he was only four years old and eight months, staying under the regency (1610-1618) of his mother Ana, when she actually assumed power, at 16 years old. Founded (1612) by the French nobleman Daniel de La Touche, Lord of La Ravardière, the capital of the State of Maranhão was named São Luís in honor of this French king.
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Source: http://www.dec.ufcg.edu.br/biografias/
Order R - Biography - Brazil School
Source: Brazil School - https://brasilescola.uol.com.br/biografia/luis-franca-xiii.htm
