In Spanish, as well as in Portuguese, the articles are ejercen, in the statement, the function of delimiting the noun (nombre) the element Which one is referenced in the nominal group, indicating its gender (female or masculine) and number (singular or plural), which can be either determined (he, la, los, las) like undetermined (one, one, one, one). In the case of neutral article (it), that in posee ni gender ni number, it will go before un adjective, of a adverb one of participle, but always with the function of sustaining them, the sea, they will pass to have a value of noun in the prayer. Furthermore, the neutral article it complete other functions in the utterance, which will be explained later. /In Spanish, as well as in Portuguese, the articles exercise, in the utterance, the function of delimiting the noun (name) or the element to which it makes reference in the nominal group, indicating its gender (female or male) and number (singular or plural), which may be so much defined (The the the the
) how much Undefined (one, one, some, some). In case of neutral article (it), which has neither gender nor number, it will go before a adjective, on one adverb or of a participle, but always with the function of giving them a noun, that is, they will have a noun value in the sentence. Furthermore, the neutral article it fulfills other functions in the statement, which will be explained later.Now, how about getting to know the form and use of the articles in Spanish? / Now, how about knowing the form and use of articles in Spanish?
✎The determined article and the neutral article
Forms of determined article | |||
masculine |
female |
neutral |
|
Singular |
he |
there |
it |
Plural form |
them |
la |
he determined article it is used to introduce a noun (nombre) the element that fulfills this function in the utterance, which is previously identifiable to the interlocutor, designating its gender and number. / O definite article is used to introduce a noun (name) or an element that fulfills this function in the utterance, which is previously identifiable to the interlocutor, designating its gender and number.
Some uses of the determined article: / Some uses of the definite article:
●Nouns: / With nouns:
The house is blue. (The house is blue)
The senor is educated. (You are polite)
Schools are closed on weekends. (Schools are closed on weekends)
The plates must be clean. (Dishes must be cleaned)
●Accountants: / With quantifiers:
The few quiet times that were left on the table. (The few remaining apples are on the table)
The hijos of Roberto ya are grown. (Roberto's two children are already grown up)
Several times I went to Granada were wonderful. (The many times I went to Granada were wonderful)
●To evaluate proposals: / To evaluate proposals:
I like chocolate more. (I like the chocolate one better)
I prefer it to Mary. (I prefer Mary's)
●With the days of the week or closing: / With the days of the week and dates:
Los Sundays voy al cine. (On Sundays I go to the movies)
El lunes has visited my mother. (On Monday I visited my mother)
Born the 21st of March. (I was born on March 21st)
●With the hours: / With the hours:
I get up every day at 6:00 am. (I get up every day at 6:00 am)
Pick up at 8:00 am. (I will arrive at 8:00 am)
●With possessive value for inalienable things, as parts of the body or related to cognition; in addition, complete this function with things that are commonly held or with which they are related: /
With possessive value for inalienable things, like body parts or related to cognition; moreover, it fulfills this function with things that one commonly possesses or with which it is common to relate:
Duel me it bro. (It hurts my hand)
I lost hope. (Lost your hope)
Did you paint the house? (Painted your house?)
Did you forget to do the task? (Forgot to do your homework?)
✏Contracted forms (al, del)
The forms contracted are the result of the merger of the articlehewith the prepositionsThey in: / The contracted forms are the result of the fusion of the articlehewith the prepositions Theand in:
A + el = al
From + el = del
Examples:
today let's go al cinemainstead oftoday let's go to he cinema. (Today we go to the movies)
the house the boss you are very beautiful instead ofthere every from him jefe is very pretty. (The boss's house is very beautiful)
✏The neutral article it
he neutral article It is a determined article, but it never goes before a noun (nombre), since there are no neutral nouns in español; tampoco designates gender the number. You can go before adjectives, adverbs and participles; of prepositions, posesive and relative pronouns. Furthermore, complete, in prayer, different functions, such as to sustain and intensify the value of adjectives, adverbs and participles; of making reference to past situations or things known by the interlocutor. / The neutral article is a definite article, but it never goes before a noun (name), since there are no neutral nouns in Spanish; nor does it designate gender or number. Furthermore, it fulfills, in prayer, different functions, such as that of substantiating and intensifying the value of adjectives, adverbs and participles; to refer to past situations or things known by the interlocutor.
According to the Royal Spanish Academy, there are the construction classes formed by the neutral article: / According to the Royal Spanish Academy, there are two construction classes formed by the neutral article:
1. Referential:
he it referential refers to defined abstract or inanimate elements in discourse: / O it referential refers to abstract or inanimate defined elements in the discourse:
Examples:
Lo + Adjective
Lo beautiful and be happy. (The beautiful thing is to be happy)
It is important that you finish this work. (The important thing is that you finish this work)
Lo + Particio
Lo succeeded me happy. (What happened made me happy)
Prohibido le gusta más. (He likes more than is forbidden)
Lo + Adverb
The saddest thing about the situation. (The saddest thing about the situation)
It was not enough that hizo was enough. (The little you did was enough)
Lo + Que / From
We do not know what María de Jorge thinks. (We don't know what Maria thinks of Jorge)
I want to study more. (What I want is to study more)
Lo de mañana is more important. (Tomorrow's is more important)
2. Emphatic:
he it emphatic intensifies the value of the adjectives, the adverbs of the participles. They must always be used with the relative pronoun what: / O it emphatic enhances the value of adjectives, adverbs, and participles. It must always be used with the relative pronoun what:
Examples:
Lo + Adjective + that
¡Lo intelligent que es esta mujer! (How smart is this woman!)
Lo easy que fue la prueba. (The test was very easy)
Lo + Adverb + that
It is late that has arrived ayer. (How late arrived yesterday)
Are you thinking too much that I was la fiesta? (Remember how exaggerated the party was?)
Lo + Particio + que
We know it's late that he arrived for the meeting. (Don't know how late I was for the meeting)
3. Other uses:
●To make reference to past situations or things known by the interlocutor:
Lo del mes pasado fue mejor. (Last month was better)
We will arrive late in Ana's lo. (We'll be late for Ana's)
●With possessive pronouns:
Lo tuyo es better. (yours is better)
Lo mío is more nuevo que lo suyo. (Mine is younger than yours)
✎The indeterminate article
Forms of indeterminate article | ||
masculine |
female |
|
Singular |
un |
unite |
Plural form |
ones |
some |
The indeterminate article is used to introduce a noun (nombre) or an element that fulfills this function in the utterance, es decir, which previously is not identifiable by the interlocutor. Furthermore, as the determined article, it designates its gender and number. / The indefinite article is used to introduce a new noun (name) or an element that fulfills this function in the utterance, that is, that is not previously identifiable by the interlocutor. Furthermore, like the specific article, it designates its genre and number.
Some uses of the indeterminate article:
●Nouns:
He read a very interesting book. (I read a very interesting book)
I know a very intelligent señora. (I met a very smart lady)
I saw some chicos walking the ground. (I saw some boys walking alone)
He bought some manzanas. (I bought some apples)
●After verbs that connote existence:
There was an extrano in the calle. (There was a stranger in the street)
There is a very good university in Madrid. (There is a very good university in Madrid)
✎Euphony rule for the articles:
Sometimes, when we read a text in Spanish, we find masculine articles before feminine nouns and we do not understand why; we still think that es un error. But it only occurs because of the euphony rule, which is used to avoid the cacophony, the sea, the inharmonious encounter between the acoustic elements of the words; in another case, of asingular feminine nounwhat empity with TheO there istonic, which results in the exchange of articlesher/onefor he/un. / Sometimes, when we read a text in Spanish, we find masculine articles in front of feminine nouns and we don't understand why; we still come to think it's a mistake. But this happens because of the euphony rule, which is used to avoid cacophony, that is, the inharmonious encounter between two acoustic elements of words; in our case, of a singular feminine noun that begins withTheorthere istonic, which results in the exchange of articless her/onefor he/un.
Look at the examples: / See the examples:
In the singular one uses the male article |
In the plural the female article is used |
he speaks |
las hablas |
he eagle |
the eagles |
he soul |
the souls |
un hada |
some fairies |
an area |
some areas |
Exceptions: / Exceptions:
●Names and female names or institutions: / Names and surnames of people or institutions:
La Ángela de mi trabajo is muy intelligent. (The Angela of my work is very smart)
●Invariable nouns, in which the gender is defined by the article: / Invariable nouns, where the gender is defined by the article:
La Arab / El Arab.
●Letter namesTheyHfrom the Spanish alphabet: / Letter namesTheandHfrom the spanish alphabet:
there to es la first letter of the alphabet. (The letter a is the first letter of the alphabet)
Her name is Elena, but she empieza con one hache. (Her name is Elena, but it starts with the letter h).
●Acronyms:
The AFG (Asociación del Fútbol Argentino).
hellen oak
Spanish teacher
Source: Brazil School - https://brasilescola.uol.com.br/espanhol/los-articulos-el-articulo-neutro-lo-en-espanol.htm
