There are different models of stagesof human development that have been proposed by theorists over time. One of these models is the one developed by Sigmund Freud, which consists of four stages with specific characteristics and challenges.
According to Freud, individuals can become “fixated” at certain stages, which would shape their personality in adult life. This model also features four stages, but with a different order and approach.
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Here are the characteristics and challenges of each stage, so you can identify which one resonates with you the most.
The 4 stages of life
Dependency
At this stage, people depend on others to meet their basic needs and make decisions. The challenge is to develop autonomy and take responsibility for themselves.
Generally, it is the childhood stage. Although they have grown, many adults continue in the external dependency phase for survival.
counter dependency
The counter-dependence stage is often associated with the “terrible twos” in childhood, when children begin to learn to say no and withdraw from caregivers.
However, this stage also manifests itself during adolescence. It's called "counter-addiction" because even though you're still dependent — after all, at age 13, most of us are not capable of owning an apartment or a job - you are reacting against dependency.
Independence
In the independence stage, ideally, you successfully navigate the previous stages. You calm down and are not constantly at odds with your parents.
At this stage, you enter the adulthood, whether it's going to college, moving to a new place, or starting an independent life in other ways.
You begin to take financial responsibility, pay your own bills, make important decisions, and cultivate close friendships.
During this time, you become more authentic, discovering your identity and becoming a true version of yourself, rather than a mere reproduction of what came before.
Interdependence
You move past the self-reliance stage and recognize that you can't do it all alone. You learn to ask others for help and understand that this does not mean weakness or affect your self-confidence. He begins to recognize his ability to support himself and trusts that others can be a support.
Although you are close, there is still a challenge to face. You allow others to help, but you must maintain control. It can be difficult to relinquish complete control and fully trust the abilities and decisions of others.
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