There are ten word classes or grammatical classes: noun, verb, adjective, pronoun, article, numeral, preposition, conjunction, interjection and adverb.
1. Substantive
Substantive is the word that names beings in general, from objects, phenomena, places, qualities, actions, among others, such as: Ana, Brazil, beauty.
Examples of noun phrases:
- THE A-N-A is super smart.
- O Brazil it's beautiful.
- Act beauty delights me.
There are several types of nouns: common, proper, concrete, abstract, collective.
2. Verb
Verb is the word that indicates actions, state or phenomenon of nature, such as: we will go out, run, raining.
Examples of verb phrases:
- we will leave tonight?
- I run every day.
- Raining, I will not.
Verbs are classified into: regular, irregular, defective and abundant.
3. Adjective
Adjective is the word that characterizes, attributes qualities to nouns, such as: happy, super interesting, lovely.
Examples of adjective sentences:
- the child stayed happy.
- The article was Super interesting.
- Was always kind with me.
4. Pronoun
Pronoun is the word that replaces or accompanies the noun, indicating the relationship of the people in the speech, such as: me, with you, that one.
Examples of sentences with a pronoun:
- Me I bet how it comes.
- With you I go to the moon.
- That one like I can't get out of my head.
There are several types of pronouns: personal, possessive, demonstrative, relative, indefinite and interrogative.
5. Article
Article is the word that precedes the noun, such as: o, as, uns, um.
Examples of sentences with article:
- O boy came out.
- At girls left.
- some build, others destroy.
- One chance is what I need.
Articles are classified into: definite and indefinite.
6. Numeral
Numeral is the word that indicates the position or number of elements, such as: one, first, tens.
Examples of sentences with numerals:
- One pastel, please!
- First the ladies.
- Dozens of people were present.
Numerals are classified into: cardinal, ordinal, multiplicative, fractional and collective.
7. Preposition
Preposition it is the word that connects two elements of the prayer, such as: a, after, to.
Examples of sentences with preposition:
- I delivered the letter The he.
- the doors open after at 6pm.
- That is for you.
Prepositions are classified into: essential prepositions and accidental prepositions.
8. Conjunction
Conjunction is the word that connects two terms or two clauses with the same grammatical value, such as: but, therefore, conforming.
Examples of sentences with conjunction:
- I will, but I am not coming back.
- Therefore, I do not know what to do.
- To dance according the dance.
The conjunctions are classified as coordinating (additive, adversative, alternative, conclusive and explanatory) and subordinate (integrant, causal, comparative, concessive, conditional, conformative, consecutive, temporal, final and proportional).
9. Interjection
Interjection is the word that expresses emotions and feelings, such as: Hello! Viva! Psst!
Examples of interjected sentences:
- Helo! I'm Maria.
- Alive! We managed to win the championship.
- Psst! Don't make noise here.
10. Adverb
Adverb it is the word that modifies the verb, the adjective or another adverb, expressing circumstances of time, mood, intensity, among others, such as: better, too much, there.
Examples of sentences with adverbs:
- O best result was that of the foreign athlete.
- Don't you think I brought leaves too much?
- the restaurant is there.
Adverbs are classified into: mood, intensity, place, time, negation, affirmation and doubt.
What is part of speech?
It is the classification of words into groups according to their function in the Portuguese language. They can be variable and invariant, being divided as follows:
- Wordsvariables - those that vary in gender, number and degree: noun, verb, adjective, pronoun, article and numeral.
- Wordsinvariables - those that do not vary: preposition, conjunction, interjection and adverb.
For you to understand better: What is part of speech?
Exercise of grammar classes
Indicate which word class the words in bold belong to.
a) The girls are so brave as the boys.
Adjective - class of words that attribute characteristics to the noun. In prayer, we have: girls (noun), courageous (adjectives).
B) Courage!
Interjection - class of words that express sensations and are always accompanied by an exclamation point. "Courage!" it is an interjection of the mood.
c) Missing courage…
Noun - class of words that name beings, phenomena, among many others. In prayer, "courage" is an abstract noun.
d) With your thirty years was about to be sensible.
Pronoun - class of words that replace or accompany nouns. In the sentence, "their" is a possessive pronoun.
e) there is some years did not know what to do with life.
Article - class of words that accompany the noun in order to determine its number (singular or plural) and its gender (female or male). In the sentence "ones" is a plural, masculine indefinite article.
f) Do the good without looking at whom.
Noun - class of words that name beings, phenomena, among many others. In the sentence, "good" is an abstract noun, because it was substantivated as a result of the use of the article "o" (the good). In other contexts, this same word can assume the function of an adverb, as in the following alternative, in which "well" is an adverb of manner: "The works were very good made.".
g) The works were very good made.
Adverb - a class of words that modifies a verb, an adjective or another adverb. In prayer, "good" is an adverb of manner.
h) I went good in the test.
Adverb - a class of words that modifies a verb, an adjective or another adverb. In prayer, "good" is an adverb of manner.
i) Still good!
Interjection - class of words that express sensations and are always accompanied by an exclamation point. "Fortunately!" it is an interjection of relief.
j) I did the double of work and to no avail.
Numeral - a class of words that determines quantities or positions. "Double" is a multiplicative numeral.
k) those are mine customers.
Noun - class of words that name beings, phenomena, among many others. In the sentence, "customers" is a common noun of two genders.
l) Towards your speech I felt motivated.
Preposition - class of words that link two terms of the sentence. In prayer, "before" is an essential preposition.
m) I'm motivated why the speaker conveyed motivation.
Conjunction - a class of words that link two sentences or two words. In prayer, "because" is a causal conjunction.
practice more with word class exercises and Morphology Exercises.