Social Inequality in Brazil is a problem that affects a large part of the Brazilian population, although in recent years it has been decreasing.
The regions most affected by social problems are the North and Northeast of the country, which have the worst HDI's (Human Development Index) in Brazil.
Results of the National Household Sample Survey (PNAD-2011) and the Institute for Applied Economic Research (Ipea) point to a reduction in poverty and, consequently, in social inequality.
Thus, in recent years 28 million Brazilians came out of absolute poverty and 36 million entered the middle class.
However, an estimated 16 million people still remain in extreme poverty.
According to the Institute for Applied Economic Research (Ipea), transfers from the Bolsa Família Program are responsible for 13% of the reduction in inequality in the country.
Causes and consequences
Although Brazil is among the ten countries with the highest GDP, it is the eighth country with the highest index of social and economic inequality in the world.
Second UN report (2010) the main causes of social inequality are:
- Lack of access to quality education;
- Unfair fiscal policy;
- Low wages;
- Difficulty in accessing basic services: health, public transport and basic sanitation.
Due essentially to the poor distribution of income, the consequences of social inequality in Brazil are observed by:
- slums;
- poverty;
- misery;
- unemployment;
- malnutrition;
- marginalization;
- violence.
Scholars propose solutions to the problem, including: combining democracy with economic efficiency and social justice.
Gini Coefficient
The Gini Coefficient was developed by the Italian demographer, statistician and sociologist Corrado Gini (1884-1965) in 1912.
The Coefficient or Gini Index measures the inequalities of a society, for example, in terms of income, wealth and education.
In Brazil, in 2011, the Gini index in the social area was 0.527, showing the lowest number since 1960 (0.535). In the logic of the Gini system, the closer to zero, the smaller the inequality.
However, according to the Gini coefficient, social inequality in Brazil increased considerably in 2017 as a result of the economic crisis.
In other words, in 22 years it grew for the first time, with unemployment being one of the main causes. Current data say the unemployment rate is at 12.3%, which affects 12.6 million people.
Single Registry
Also known as "CadÚnico", the "Cadastro Único para Programas Sociais" was created during the government of Fernando Henrique Cardoso, in 2001.
The Cadastro is an instrument responsible for collecting data and information in order to identify all low-income families in Brazil. It aims at inclusion through social assistance and income redistribution programs.
Brazil Without Extreme Poverty Plan (BSM)
O Brazil Without Extreme Poverty Plan, created in 2011, has as its main objective to draw the map of poverty of Brazil.
For this, the plan proposes the breaking of social, political, economic and cultural barriers that segregate people and regions.
It aims, in the countryside and in the city, to identify and register low-income people who, for some reason, do not receive assistance.
At the field, where the largest portion is concentrated, that is, 47% of the public of the plan, the strategies for the rural environment, focused on the farmer's production are:
- Technical assistance;
- Promotion and Seeds;
- Water for All Program;
- Access to Markets (Food Acquisition Program - PAA);
- Purchase of Production.
already in City, the focus is on job opportunities for the poorest. Among the strategies proposed by the Plan are:
- Opportunities Map;
- Qualification of Labor;
- Public Intermediation of Labor;
- Expansion of the Microcredit Policy;
- Incentive to Popular and Solidarity Economy.
The National Program for Access to Technical Education and Employment (Pronatec) is responsible for coordinating the offer of vacancies in initial and continuing education courses with an emphasis on professional qualification. It has a partnership with the Ministry of Education (MEC) and the Brasil Sem Miséria Plan (BSM).
To this end, the goal of the Brasil Sem Miséria Plan provides for the training of one million people enrolled in the "Cadastro Único" by 2014.
Other Public Social Programs in Brazil that we can highlight are:
- Bolsa Família
- Rural Social Security
- Literate Brazil
- Family Health
- Brazil smiling
- More Education
- Stork Network
Curiosities
- According to the World Economic Forum (2013), the main cause of the demonstrations that took place in Brazil in 2013 was social inequality.
- Data Social is the database and indicators that allow you to visualize the social panorama, economic profile and demographic structure of Brazilian cities and states.
- The Identification of Vulnerable Locations and Families (IDV) is a tool for building maps that present data, poverty indicators, vulnerability situations, as well as specific population groups at the level of states, municipalities and census sectors of Brazil.
Read too:
- Weapon Carriage
- Social Inequality in the World
- Social Problems in Brazil
- Slums in Brazil
- Violence in Brazil
- truancy
- Meritocracy
- Racial quotas
- Preconception
- Prison System in Brazil
- Child Labor in Brazil
- Enem geography: subjects that fall the most
- Questions about social inequality
