THE Industrial Revolution is one of the most requested topics in Enem and in entrance exams across the country. That's why we've put together exercises to prepare you for the big day.
Good study and good luck!
question 1
(UFG-2013) Read the following information:
In the mid-eighteenth century, James Watt patented his invention in England, about which he wrote to his father: “The business I am in now has become a great success. The fire machine I invented is working and getting a much better response than any that has been invented so far.”
Available in: http://www.ampltd.co.uk/digital_guides/ind-rev-series-3-parts-1-to-3/detailed-listing-part-1.aspx. Accessed on: Oct. 29 2012.(Adapted).
The historical revolution related to the text, the primary source of energy used in such a machine and the environmental consequences of its use are, respectively:
a) puritan, natural gas and increased occurrence of thermal inversion.
b) glorious, oil and ozone layer depletion.
c) glorious, coal and increased melting of the polar ice caps.
d) industrial, natural gas and atmospheric moisture reduction.
e) industrial, coal and increased air pollution.
Alternative e) industrial, coal and increased air pollution.
The Industrial Revolution brought benefits such as cheaper products, but evils such as pollution emerged.
question 2
(Aman-2015) The accumulation of capital, the modernization of agriculture, the availability of labor and natural resources and the power of Puritanism help explain __________'s pioneering in the Revolution Industrial.
BOULOS Jr, p.421
Of the options listed below, the country that best fills the space above is:
the Germany
b) Netherlands
c) Italy
d) England
e) Spain
Alternative d) England
In the 18th century, England had a series of favorable conditions that made it a pioneer in the Industrial Revolution as a workforce, capital and an entrepreneurial mentality.
question 3
(Fuvest) Regarding technological innovation in the manufacturing system in eighteenth-century England, it is correct to state that it:
a) was adopted not only to promote greater efficiency in production, but also to carry out capitalist domination, as machines subjected workers to authoritarian forms of discipline and a certain hierarchy.
b) it took place thanks to investment in cutting-edge technological research, made by the industrialists who participated in the Industrial Revolution.
c) it was born from the support given by the State to research in universities.
d) took place within factories, whose owners encouraged workers to develop new technologies.
e) was solely and exclusively the product of the genius of some generations of inventors, having been adopted by industrialists who were interested in increasing production and therefore profits.
Alternative a) was adopted not only to promote greater efficiency in production, but also to achieve domination capitalist, as machines subjected workers to authoritarian forms of discipline and a certain hierarchy.
The question asks to consider two aspects of the Industrial Revolution: the technical and the social. The alternative that speaks of these two characteristics is the letter A.
question 4
(PUC-Campinas) Among the social consequences forged by the Industrial Revolution we can mention:
a) the development of a social layer of workers, who, deprived of the means of production, started to survive only from the sale of their labor power.
b) the improvement of housing and survival conditions for the working class, brought about by the surge in economic development.
c) the social ascension of artisans who pooled their capital and tools in workshops or scattered rural households, increasing domestic production nuclei.
d) the creation of the Bank of England, with the objective of financing the monarchy and also being an institution that generates jobs.
e) the development of petrochemical industries, favoring the organization of the labor market, so as to ensure employment for all employees.
Alternative a) the development of a social layer of workers, who, deprived of the means of production, started to survive only from the sale of their labor power.
On leaving the countryside, people who migrate to the city have no choice but to work in factories. Therefore, it is the birth of the proletarian who only has the option of selling his labor power in order to survive.
question 5
(PUC-Campinas) The new production process introduced with the Industrial Revolution, in the 18th century, was characterized by:
a) implementation of rural domestic industry to replace workshops.
b) production in large factories and intense division of labor.
c) mechanization of agricultural production and consequent fixation of man on the land.
d) facility in the purchase of machines by the artisans who obtained financing for this.
e) concern with increasing production, respecting the limits of the worker's physical strength.
Alternative b) production in large factories and intense division of labor.
Unlike the artisanal production mode, industrial production required large spaces, many machines and workers specialized in certain functions.
question 6
(PUC-Campinas) "The Duke of Bridgewater reproached his men for returning late after lunch; they apologized saying they hadn't heard the chime of 1 o'clock, so the duke changed the clock, making it chime 13."
This text reveals one aspect of the changes arising from the English industrial process in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Based on historical knowledge, it can be stated that:
a) workers benefited from a reduction in working hours compared to the period prior to the industrial revolution.
b) the rationalization of time was one of the significant psychological aspects that marked the development of machinery.
c) London entrepreneurs controlled more rigorously the workers' schedules, but as compensation they provided productivity remuneration for the punctual workers.
d) factories, in general, had little control over the workers' working hours, given the difficulties in recording and the imprecision of clocks in that context.
e) the industrialists created laws that protected workers who correctly complied with their working hours.
Alternative b) the rationalization of time was one of the significant psychological aspects that marked the development of machinery.
The time of pre-industrial societies was dictated by the cycle of nature. Later, with the growth of the industry, it would be controlled by the clock that does not respect the stages of natural development.
question 7
(PUC-SP) For the industrialization process in England in the 18th century, it was decisive (a):
a) the colonial relationship, maintained with India and North America, which allowed a large accumulation of financial resources.
b) the stimulus to English development, promoted by technological competition with the Americans.
c) the union of national interests around a development effort, soon after the expulsion of Napoleonic troops from English territory.
d) the incentive to technological innovation as a result of the action of the Luddites who destroyed the machines considered obsolete.
e) the commercial agreement known as the Methuen Treaty, which established the opening of German markets.
Alternative a) the colonial relationship, maintained with India and North America, which allowed a large accumulation of financial resources.
The colonies guaranteed England raw material and a consumer market for their products.
question 8
(Mackenzie) Among the achievements of the Meiji Era (Age of Enlightenment), unleashed by Emperor Mitsu-Hito aiming to modernize Japan to compete on equal terms with the industrialized countries of the West, we highlight:
a) abolition of serfdom, proclamation of equality for all Japanese under the law, development of public education, communications and the economy.
b) strengthening the power of the Shogunate and opening the ports to foreign products, aiming to assimilate Western technology.
c) creation of independent Daimios, coordinated by an imperial Shogun charged with stimulating the activities of urban centers of industrial production.
d) policy of financial incentives to the national bourgeoisie, formation of a supranational regional economic bloc (the Asian Tigers), expanding relations between East and West.
e) economic reform, creation of the Yen, institution of serfdom in industries, and cession of the island of Hong Kong to England, in exchange for financial loans.
Alternative a) abolition of serfdom, proclamation of equality for all Japanese under the law, development of public education, communications and the economy.
The Meiji Era unified the various fiefs that existed in Japan, systematized education, abolished local taxes, and opened the country to the West, even though several restrictions were imposed. In this way, it was one of the few countries in the Orient that was not dominated by the West, unlike many Asian regions.
question 9
(Enem) The Second Industrial Revolution, at the end of the 19th century and beginning of the 20th century, in the USA, a period in which electricity gradually became being part of the daily life of cities and feeding the engines of factories, was characterized by the scientific administration of work and production in series.
MERLO, A. A. Ç.; LAPIS, N. L. Health and work processes in capitalism: reflections on the interface between the psychodynamics of work and the sociology of work. Psychology and Society, no. 1, Apr. 2007.
According to the text, in the first half of the 20th century, capitalism produced a new geoeconomic space and a revolution that is related to:
a) proliferation of small and medium-sized companies, which equipped themselves with new technologies and increased production, with the contribution of large capital.
b) Fordist production technique, which instituted the division and hierarchization of work, in which each worker performed only one stage of the production process.
c) transition from the artisanal production system to the factory production system, concentrating mainly on textile production destined for the domestic market.
d) political independence of colonized nations, which allowed equality in economic relations between countries producing raw materials and industrialized countries.
e) constitution of a class of wage earners, who had as a source of subsistence the sale of their labor power and who fought for the improvement of working conditions in the factories.
Alternative b) Fordist production technique, which instituted the division and hierarchization of work, in which each worker performed only one stage of the production process.
The Second Industrial Revolution, in the USA, incorporates and improves concepts that already existed in English factories. Therefore, when applying them in their companies, Ford achieves an increase and cheaper vehicle production.
question 10
(Uerj-2011) The 1889 Paris Exposition focused on the “Gustave Eiffel Tower” 300 m high, over 7,000 tons and over a million rivets. It had two long galleries devoted to the Fine Arts and the decorative arts; behind it was the imposing “Palácio das Máquinas”.
Adapted from http://www.esec-josefa-obidos.rcts.pt
International exhibitions began in London in 1851. The Eiffel Tower, one of the symbols of the city of Paris, was erected for the 1889 exhibition, commemorating the centenary of the French Revolution.
During the European capitalist expansion in the 19th century, these exhibitions aimed to highlight the importance of:
a) Franco-British financial cooperation.
b) technological modernization of production.
c) consolidation of bourgeois democracies.
d) standardization of development standards.
Alternative b) technological modernization of production
Universal exhibitions were a great way to show the world the technological advances and economic power of each country.
question 11
The 19th century was a time full of inventions in various fields of knowledge. Among them, we can highlight:
a) Radio, telephone and television
b) The locomotive, the car and the vaccine
c) Photography, cinema and electricity
d) The lightning rod, the calculator and the telegraph.
Correct alternative c) Photography, cinema and electricity
Alternative "a" is incorrect because television would only be created in the 20th century. XX. The "b" is wrong, as the vaccine was created in the 18th century. In "d", the lightning rod had been invented in the 18th century.
question 12
Among the characteristics of the Second Industrial Revolution we can mention:
a) Focused on the steel industry, automobile and large-scale use of electricity.
b) Compared to the first stage of the Industrial Revolution, it is a phase of lesser importance, as nothing significant was created.
c) It allowed the expansion of financial capital only in the European continent and in the United States.
d) It revealed the potential of countries such as Germany and France that allied themselves against the British power.
Correct alternative a) Focused on the steel industry, automobile and large-scale use of electricity.
During the Second Industrial Revolution, the steel, iron and chemical industries evolved the most. Electric energy would take over the streets of cities and be used in factories, as well as the manufacture of automobiles that would forever change the urban landscape.
question 13
Industrialization was not an isolated phenomenon and reached all parts of the globe. In this context, the role of the territories that achieved their political independence during the Second Industrial Revolution was:
a) they became suppliers of agricultural raw materials for those who were industrializing themselves.
b) received a large part of the surplus European capital
c) absorbed the peasants who were expelled from the countryside, as was the case with the French, Germans and Italians.
d) managed to attract capital and qualified labor which, in turn, made the industrialization process possible.
Correct alternative a) they became suppliers of agricultural raw materials to those who were industrializing themselves.
Political independence did not bring economic independence. On the contrary, the former colonies continued to provide raw material to be transformed into industries or agricultural products for domestic consumption.
question 14
The industrialization of cities changes the landscape. Among the problems that arise we can mention:
a) Leakage of labor
b) food shortage
c) pollution
d) income concentration
Correct alternative c) pollution
The mode of production was more efficient, but also more polluting, using energy sources such as coal, which fouled rivers and the air.
question 15
"Workers' movement that united and revolted against machines at the beginning of the Industrial Revolution. Its action consisted of invading a textile industry and promoting the destruction of the machines that produced the goods."
Adapted from www.historiadomundo.com.br. Consultation 06.16.2020
The excerpt above describes the movement:
a) socialist
b) communist
c) anarchist
d) luddist
Correct alternative d) Luddist
The Luddist movement consisted of a group of workers who were against the use of machines in the workplace. Therefore, they usually invaded factories and broke them down.
These texts can help with studies.:
- English Industrial Revolution
- First Industrial Revolution
- Industrial Capitalism
- questions about capitalism
- General Knowledge and News
- Enem questions