Conjunction is a term that link two sentences or two words of the same grammatical value, establishing a relationship between them.
Examples:
He plays soccer and basketball. (two similar terms)
I would go to the game, but I am without company. (two prayers)
Classification of conjunctions
Conjunctions are classified into two groups: coordinative and subordinate.
Coordinating conjunctions
At conjunctions coordinating are those that link two independent sentences. They are divided into five types:
1. Additive conjunctions
These conjunctions express sum, addition of thoughts: and, not, not only...but also, not only...but also.
Example: Ana doesn't speak nor listen.
2. Adversative conjunctions
They express opposition, contrast, compensation of thoughts: but, however, however, however, however, nevertheless.
Example: We weren't champions, still we exhibit the best football.
3. Alternative conjunctions
They express choice of thoughts: either...or, already...already, now...well, whether...whether, whatever...be it.
Example: Or you come with us or you are not going.
4. Conclusive conjunctions
They express the conclusion of thought: therefore, therefore, because (when it comes after the verb), therefore, therefore, thus.
Example: It rains a lot, therefore the harvest is guaranteed.
5. Explanatory conjunctions
They express reason, reason: that, because, so, because (when it comes before the verb), because, therefore.
Example: It didn't rain, why nothing is wet.
We are sure that these texts can help you even more:
- Coordinated Prayers
- Period Composed by Coordination
- Coordinated Prayer Exercises
- what or what
Subordinate conjunctions
At subordinate conjunctions serve to link dependent clauses to each other and are divided into ten types:
1. Integrating conjunctions
They introduce subordinate clauses with a substantive function: that, if.
Example: I want what you come back soon. I do not know if I must go back there.
2. Causal conjunctions
They introduce subordinate clauses that give an idea of the cause: that, why, how, since, since, since, since.
Example: I didn't go to class why rained. Like I got sick couldn't go to class.
3. Comparative conjunctions
They introduce subordinate clauses that give the idea of comparison: what, what, how.
Example: My teacher is smarter than your.
4. Consessive Conjunctions
They initiate subordinate clauses that express a fact contrary to the main clause: although, even if, although, since, despite that, however much, however good.
Example: I go to the beach, although is raining.
5. Conditional conjunctions
They initiate subordinate clauses that express a hypothesis or condition for the fact of the main clause to take place or not: case, provided that, unless, provided that, unless.
Example: if don't rain, I'll go to the beach.
6. Conformative conjunctions
They initiate subordinate clauses that express agreement, agreement of one fact with another: second, as, as.
Example: Each one reaps according sows.
7. Consecutive conjunctions
They begin subordinate clauses that express the consequence or effect of what is stated in the main clause: that, so that, so that, so that.
Example: It was such a scare what she fainted.
8. Temporal conjunctions
They start subordinate clauses that give an idea of time: as soon as, before, when, as soon as, whenever.
Example: When the holidays come, we will travel.
9. Final conjunctions
They begin subordinate clauses that express a purpose: so that, for what.
Example: We are here forwhat let him be calm.
10. Proportional conjunctions
They initiate subordinate clauses that express concomitance, simultaneity: as, in proportion, whereas, the more, the less, the smaller, the better.
Example: How much more work, the less I get.
We are sure that these texts can help you even more:
- Subordinated prayers
- Subordination Period
Entrance Exam Exercises
1. (PUC-SP) In the period: "From his own throat came a cry of admiration, which Cirino followed, although with less enthusiasm", the highlighted word expresses an idea of:
the explanation.
b) concession.
c) comparison.
d) mode.
e) consequence.
Alternative b) concession.
2. (PUC-SP) Check the alternative that can replace, in order, the transition particles of the periods below, without changing their meaning.
"In (first place), let us observe the grandfather. (Likewise), let's take a look at the grandmother.
(Also) the father must be watched. All are tall and dark. (Consequently, the daughter will also be dark and tall."
a) first, in addition, in addition, in short
b) above all, also, analogously, finally
c) primarily, similarly, second, therefore
d) first of all, in the same way, on the other hand, therefore
e) no doubt intentionally, on the contrary, in effect.
Alternative d) first of all, likewise, on the other hand, therefore
3. (PUC-SP) In: “… there were wide, strong yawns like the lapping of the waves…” the particle like expresses an idea of:
a) comparison
b) cause
c) explanation
d) conclusion
e) proportion
Alternative a) comparison
Don't stop there. There are more texts very useful for you:
- Conjunctive utterance
- Writing connectors: list and types
- Conjunction exercises (with template)
- Semantic value: prepositions and conjunctions