You language vices they are grammatical deviations that occur due to carelessness or ignorance of norms at different linguistic levels: phonetic, semantic, syntactic or morphological.
vicious pleonasm
Pleonasm vicious, also called redundancy, is the repetition of unnecessary information in the sentence, for example:
Let's go get inside From home. (entering already assumes it is inside.)
Solecism
O solecism it is the syntactic deviation of the language, very common in oral languages.
It gathers concordance errors (singular and plural), verbal or nominal rulership and the use of terms in place of others that are grammatically correct, for example:
Let's go at the Cinema (Let's go to the movie theater)
Barbarism
Barbarism it is the incorrect use of the word or utterance. It occurs at the phonetic (pronunciation errors), morphological (word irregularity), and semantic (meaning) levels of the language. They are classified into:
- Syllable: also called prosody, it consists of changing the stress of some syllable of the word, for example: gratuíI'm instead of freeyouit.
- cacoepia: represents the incorrect pronunciation of a word, for example: poor instead of problem.
- Cacography: correspond to spelling errors, for example: geito instead of jYeah.
- foreignism: designates the use of foreign terms, for example: show instead of spectacle.
Ambiguity
Ambiguity, also called amphibology, occurs when in a given utterance there is duplicity of meanings, which makes it difficult for the listener to understand the text, for example:
Roberto was with Maria talking about your mother. (whose mother?)
echo
In echo there is a repetition of words that rhyme (has the same ending).
Therefore, it is often used in the verses of literary texts. Despite this, it is considered a language addiction in prose and non-literary texts, for example:
Certainly, we do the work quietly and happily.
cacophate
O cacophate or cacophony occurs at the phonetic level of the language.
It features a syntactic construction where funny, unpleasant or even confusing sounds appear, for example:
I saw her yesterday morning (alley); USAmo she (gizzard).
Gap
The hiatus is a linguistic vice that represents the repetition of vowels in speech. It causes a phenomenon called dissonance (sound dissonance), for example:
Can choose: or me or andthere!
Collision
Collision is a linguistic addiction similar to the hiatus where dissonance occurs through the repetition of consonants, for example:
O çlast çelective of çomunities çampoules.
plebeism
Plebeism is a language addiction that consists in the use of colloquial terms (slang and profanity) or informal expressions, for example:
Are breast brothers. (popular expression that designates complicity between people)
Gerundism
O gerundism it is the overuse of the gerund. This happens when this noun form is used in place of a more adequate conjugation in grammatical terms, for example:
I will be calling you right at the start of promotions. (I'll call at the beginning of the promotions)
Language Figures x Language Vices
Figures of Language they are linguistic resources used in order to offer more expressiveness or emphasis to the speech. For this reason, they are widely used in poetic texts.
On the other hand, language addictions represent deviations from language constructions, which interfere in the expressiveness of language.
Thus, if the error is intentional, it is a figure of speech and not a language addiction.
Learn more about Language Functions.
Curiosity
O neologism it consists in the composition of new words. For some linguists it is considered a figure of speech, while others consider it an addiction to language.
In the same way, the archaism (use of words that have fallen into disuse) transits through the two concepts: figure or language addiction. This will depend on the sender's intention.
Entrance Exam Exercises with Feedback
1. (URCA) On language addictions, relate the second column to the first:
(A) barbarism;
(B) solecism;
(C) cacophate;
(D) redundancy;
(E) ambiguity.
( ) My uncle's faith is admirable;
( ) He had no pity: he decapitated the convict's head;
( ) It had been years since people died;
( ) My poor brother's ass! He died.
( ) I intervened in the fight because I am intimate.
The correct sequence is:
a) D – C – A – B – E;
b) B – E – D – A – C;
c) C – D – B – E – A;
d) A – B – E – C – D;
e) E – A – C – B – D;
Alternative c: C – D – B – E – A;
2. (FEI-SP) Identify the alternative in which a vicious pleonasm occurs:
a) I heard with my own ears.
b) The house, there is no longer anyone to clean it.
c) To open the package, lift the lever up.
d) Excessive kindness, I don't have it.
e) N.D.A.
Alternative c: To open the package, lift the lever up.
3. (UFOP-MG) What is the language addiction that can be observed in the sentence: “I haven't seen him in a long time”.
a) solecism
b) cacophate
c) archaism
d) barbarism
e) collision
Alternative to: solecism