Connectives they are words or expressions that link sentences, periods, sentences, paragraphs, allowing the sequence of ideas.
This role is played, above all, by the conjunctions, invariant words used to link terms and clauses in a period. Also, some adverbs and pronouns they can also perform this function.
Connectives are essential elements in the development of texts, as they are related to textual cohesion.
Thus, if misused, they reduce the ability to understand the message and compromise the text.
Connective List
1. Priority and relevance
These connectors are often used at the beginning of sentences to present an idea. They can also provide relevance to what is being presented.
In the first place; first of all; first of all; in principle; first; Above all; principally; primarily; about everything; a priori; a posteriori; primarily.
Example: First we must pay attention to the concept of cultural plurality.
2. Time, frequency, duration, order or succession
These connectors place the reader in the succession of events or of ideas. For this reason, they are much explored in narrative texts.
Then; anyway; soon; soon after; immediately; right after; at first; in the moment that; just before; just after; previously; posteriorly; then; in the end; Lastly; finally; now; at the moment; today; often; constantly; sometimes; eventually; sometimes; occasionally; ever; rarely; not rare; at the same time; simultaneously; in the meantime; in the meantime; in that hiatus; while, when; before; after; once; whenever; as soon as; since; every time; every time; only; already; bad; not even well.
Example: Right after leaving class, Bianca had a date with Arthur.
3. Similarity, Comparison or Conformity
We use this type of connectors to establish a relationship with an idea or concept that has already been presented earlier in the text. Furthermore, they are used to point out ideas from another text (intertextuality).
Equally; in the same way; this way too; in the same way; similarly; similarly; similarly; by analogy; identically; in accordance with; according to; second; according; from the same point of view; such as; as well as; like; as; as if; as well as.
Example: According to the ideas of Darcy Ribeiro, the Brazilian people are very diverse.
4. condition or hypothesis
These terms are used in circumstantial situations that can offer hypotheses for a future situation.
If; case; eventually.
Example: Case rain this afternoon, we're not going to the gym.
5. continuation or addition
We use continuation or addition connectives to add something to the text and that is related to what was previously presented.
Furthermore; too much; moreover; also; further; on the other hand; also; and; nor; not only; as also; not only; as well as.
Example: Suzana was a professor at the University of Minas Gerais during the Military Dictatorship. Furthermore, was coordinator of the Department of Arts linked to the Department of Culture of the city of Belo Horizonte.
6. Doubt
We use these connectors to insert a doubt or probability.
Perhaps; probably; possibly; perhaps; Who knows; is likely; not right; if that's what.
Example: It's likely that Thomas doesn't come to work today.
7. certainty or emphasis
We use these cohesion elements when we want to highlight something we are sure of or even to emphasize an idea in the text.
For right; Certainly; undoubtedly; unquestionably; no doubt; undeniably; certainly.
Example: Certainly Cecilia was involved in the robbery case.
8. Surprise or unforeseen
these elements emphasize a surprise or even something that wasn't supposed to happen. They are widely used in descriptive and narrative texts.
Unexpectedly; suddenly; suddenly; suddenly; unexpectedly; surprisingly.
Example: Suddenly we saw the company owner in the art galleries.
9. illustration or clarification
We use these connectives as a way to clarify some concept or idea presented in the text.
For example; that is; i.e; by the way.
Example: Students will be able to use various faculty locations during the event, i.e, the amphitheater, the library, the refectory and the courtyard.
10. Purpose, Intention or Purpose
In this case, the producer of the text has a purpose or a purpose defined. In other words, he wants to present the objective related to what he wants to achieve.
With the end of; in order to; as the purpose of; for the purpose of; in order to; for what; so that; for; to the purpose.
Example: In order to win more votes for the elections, Joaquim publicized his work a lot.
11. place, proximity or distance
Place adverbs and demonstrative pronouns are some of the grammatical classes that involve these connectives. They are used to indicate the distance between something.
Close of; close to or from; just to or from; inside; outside; further up; on here; beyond; there; there; there; This one; it is; this; that; That; that; that one; that one; that one; before, the.
Example: They lived many years close to Cathedral in the city center.
12. Conclusion or summary
Very common to be used in conclusion of a paragraph or even an essay to summarize the ideas that were pointed out in the text.
In short; In summary; anyway; in short; therefore; thus; thus; thus; thus; soon; because; Consequently; in that regard.
Example: In short, we can note the increase in customs rates during the period presented.
13. Cause, consequence and explanation
These connective elements serve to explain the causes and consequences of an action, a phenomenon, etc.
Consequently; therefore; as a result; that is why; because of; due to; thus; in fact; Indeed; So; so much; size; what; why; for how much; because; given that; once; since; how (in the sense of why); therefore; what; such that; there is a view.
Example: Global warming has directly affected humans and animals. As a result, we have the extinction of many species.
14. Contrast, Opposition, Restriction, Disclaimer
Oppositional connectives, as the name implies, serve to oppose ideas or concepts in a period.
On the contrary; in contrast to; saved; except; any less; but; Yet; still; However; However; although; despite; even if; even; since; while; In contrast.
Example: Although Brazil is a diverse country, we can find singularities in many regions of the country.
15. alternative ideas
In this case, we use the connectives when we want quote more than one option.
Or or; want Want; well well.
Example: Or we face the problem, or we can no longer work together.
Connective table
Attention!
The application of the conjunction or even the conjunctive phrase as connecting elements depends on the type of relationship that is established between the two clauses. They are classified as coordinating or subordinate.
- coordinating conjunctions are those used to link terms that perform the same syntactic function. They also link the independent prayers.
- subordinate conjunctions are used to link sentences that are syntactically dependent.
Fell in Enem!
Question 133 of Enem 2015
Shyness
Being a notorious shy is a contradiction in terms. The shy is terrified of being noticed, let alone being notorious. If you became notorious for being shy, then you have to explain yourself. After all, what resounding shyness is this that attracts so much attention? If he became notorious despite being shy, perhaps he was deceiving himself along with the others and his shyness is just a ploy to be noticed. So secret even he doesn't know. It's like in the psychoanalytic paradox, only someone who thinks he is very superior goes to the analyst to treat an inferiority complex, because he alone thinks that feeling inferior is a disease.
[...] The shy one tries to convince himself that he only has problems with crowds, but this is not an advantage. For the shy, two people are a crowd. When he can't escape and find himself in front of an audience, the shy person doesn't think of audience members as individuals. Multiply them by four, as each individual has two eyes and two ears. Four ways, therefore, to receive your gaffes. It's no use asking the audience to close their eyes, or cover one eye and one ear to cut the shy's discomfort in half. Nothing works. The shy person, in short, is a person convinced that he is the center of the Universe, and that his vexation will still be remembered when the stars turn to dust.
VERISIM, L. F. Comedies to read at school. Rio de Janeiro: Objective, 2001.
Among the textual progression strategies present in this excerpt, the use of connecting elements is identified. The elements that show similar notions are highlighted in:
The) "if became notorious for being shy" and "[...] so you have to if explain."
B) "Then you have to explain yourself" and "[...] When the stars turn to dust."
c) [...] became notorious despite being shy [...] and "[...] but this is not an advantage [...]."
d) [...] a stratagem for be noticed and [...] "So secret what he doesn't even know."
and) [...] like in a psychoanalytic paradox [...] and "[...] why only he thinks [...]."
Correct alternative: c) [...] became notorious despite being shy [...] and "[...] but this is not an advantage [...]."
In the option above, two connectives are used that convey the idea of opposition, of contrast.
Read more about the topic:
- Connectors for introduction
- Textual Cohesion
- Sequential Cohesion
- Referential Cohesion
- Cohesion and Coherence
