The Enem test of Human Sciences and its Technologies contains 45 objective questions multiple-choice entries worth 100 points. These questions are distributed over the following subjects:
- History
- geography
- Sociology
- Philosophy
The themes are the most varied and there is usually emphasis on those that suggest the commemoration of a round date in the year of the race.
Generally, Enem questions something by making a relationship between these themes in different historical moments.
Here it is not worth decorating. It is necessary to study and be up to date and on the news. So read, get informed, watch documentaries.
Among the most incident themes in previous tests, we can highlight:
History
Slavery
- slavery in Brazil
- Indigenous Slavery in Colonial Brazil
- slave trade
- slave ships
- Abolitionism
- Abolition of slavery in Brazil
- law of the free womb
- Sexagenarian Law
- Golden Law
It was Vargas
- It was Vargas
- 1930 revolution
- 1932 revolution
- Provisional Government
- National Liberating Alliance
- Communist intent
- constitutional government
- new state
- Cohen Plan
Military dictatorship
- military dictatorship in Brazil
- 1964 military coup
- 1967 Constitution
- Institutional Act No. 5 - AI-5
- economic miracle
- Amnesty Law
Transition from the Middle Ages to the Modern Age
- Transition from Feudalism to Capitalism
- Middle Ages
- Crisis of Feudalism
- State Society
- commercial capitalism
- Renaissance Characteristics
- urban renaissance
- scientific renaissance
- commercial renaissance
- Anthropocentrism
Arrival of the Portuguese Royal Family
- continental block
- The coming of the royal family to Brazil
- Johannine Period
- Causes of Brazil's independence
- Constitution of 1824
- Immigration in Brazil
History issues that fell in Enem
1. (Enem/2017) During the Estado Novo, those in charge of propaganda sought to improve themselves in the art of excitement and involvement of the “crowds” through political messages. In this type of discourse, the meaning of the words matters little because, as Goebbels declared, "we do not speak to say something, but to obtain a certain effect".
CAPELATO, M. H. Political advertising and control of the media. In: PANDOLFI, D. (Org.). Rethinking the Estado Novo. Rio de Janeiro: FGV, 1999.
Control over the means of communication was a hallmark of the Estado Novo, being fundamental to political propaganda, as it aimed
A) win popular support in legitimizing the new government.
B) expand the involvement of crowds in political decisions.
C) increase the offer of public information to civil society.
D) to extend the democratic participation of the media in Brazil.
E) broaden the population's understanding of the new government's intentions.
Correct alternative: A) win popular support in legitimizing the new government.
A) CORRECT. Political propaganda was always smug and paternalistic, being used to co-opt the people into the government's nationalist project.
B) WRONG. Political communication strategies did not contemplate popular participation as a thinking element.
C) WRONG. The government's communication was not intended to clarify the population about its political decisions, only to make the people participate in the achievements achieved.
D) WRONG. Under the Vargas government there was censorship in the media.
E) WRONG. Getúlio Vargas had no intention of making the people a critical object of his decisions, only that they were there to applaud him.
GOMES, L. 1808: how a mad queen, a fearful prince and a corrupt court deceived Napoleon and changed the history of Portugal and Brazil. São Paulo: Planet of Brazil, 2008 (adapted).
The demographic change highlighted in the period was caused by the activity
A) coffee, with the attraction of European immigration.
B) industrial, with the intensification of the rural exodus.
C) mining company, with the expansion of African trafficking.
D) sugarcane, with the increase in indigenous capture.
E) manufacturing, with the incorporation of salaried work.
Correct alternative: C) mining, with the expansion of African trafficking.
A) WRONG. Coffee cultivation was not yet widespread in Brazil.
B) WRONG. There was no industrialization in Brazil in the early 18th century.
C) CORRECT. Mining became the main economic activity in the Colony, which increased the importation of enslaved blacks.
D) WRONG. Sugarcane production was already in decline and indigenous slavery was definitively prohibited in the 18th century.
E) WRONG. In the colony, manufactured work was punctual and what predominated was slave labor.
There's more here for you to prepare:
- Commented Enem History Questions (with feedback)
- Brazilian History issues that fell in Enem
geography
Geology
- geography of Brazil
- geological structure of Brazil
- Brazilian relief
- relief agents
- geographic depressions
- rivers of Brazil
- Types of rocks
- crystalline shields
- Brazilian regions
Climate
- Difference between weather and climate
- Types of weather
- Factors influencing the climate
- Brazil climates
- North region climate
- Northeast region climate
- Climate of the Midwest region
- Southeast region climate
- Southern climate
urban geography
- urban geography
- Brazilian urbanization
- Brazilian urban network
- urban hierarchy
- Natural and humanized landscape
- Conurbation
- What are metropolitan regions
Economy
- Economy of Brazil
- Market economy
- Brazil's economic cycles
- Planned economy
- green economy
- WTO - World Trade Organization
- Economic blocks
- Sectors of the economy
- Industrialization in Brazil
- agricultural systems
- Agriculture in Brazil
Demography
- Demographic density
- demographic theories
- Brazilian population
- birth rate and mortality
- Brazilian age pyramid
- Life expectancy
- Economically Active Population (PEA)
Geopolitics
- Conflict between the United States and North Korea
- Brazil's social problems
- crisis in Venezuela
- Independence of Catalonia
- New world order
- globalization
- DIT: International Division of Labor
- War in Syria
- Israel and Palestine Conflict
- Conflict in Kashmir
- Islamic state
- al-Qaeda
- Drug decriminalization
Geography issues that fell in Enem
3. (Enem/2017) The earthquake measuring 8.8 on the Richter scale that hit the west coast of Chile in February caused significant changes in the region's map. According to a preliminary analysis, the entire city of Concepción has moved at least three meters to the west. Buenos Aires moved about an inch to the west, while Santiago, closer to the venue, moved nearly a foot to the west-southwest. The cities of Valparaíso, Chile, and Mendoza, Argentina, also had their positions significantly changed (13.4 centimeters and 8.8 centimeters, respectively).
InfoGNSS Magazine, Curitiba, year 6, n. 31, 2010.
The text highlights a type of geological event that is frequent in certain parts of the earth's surface. These events are focused on
A) volcanic areas, where magmatic material rises, forming mountain ranges.
B) coastal strips, where the ocean floor receives sediment, causing tsunamis.
C) narrow ranges of seismic intensity, in the contact of tectonic plates, close to modern bends.
D) crystalline shields, where the rocks are subjected to weathering processes, with sudden changes in temperature.
E) areas of ancient sedimentary basins, located in the center of tectonic plates, in regions known as hot spots.
Correct alternative C) narrow ranges of seismic intensity, in the contact of tectonic plates, close to modern bends.
A) WRONG. The formation of mountain ranges is associated with the convergence of tectonic plates. The meeting of these plates produces a ground-lifting effect.
B) WRONG. Tsunamis are giant waves that hit coastal regions and are caused by the activity of tectonic plates within the sea.
C) CORRECT. These bands between tectonic plates have intense seismic activity. Modern folding and the formation of mountain ranges are effects of the encounter (convergence) of these tectonic plates, as well as earthquakes.
The Andes Mountains, which extends along the entire western coast of South America, is the result of the movement of the Nazca Plate towards the South American Plate.
D) WRONG. Crystalline shields are areas of low seismic activity and do not have high altitudes. These shields correspond to the oldest layer of the Earth's surface, the opposite of the modern folds that represent the newer layers.
E) WRONG. Sedimentary basins represent depressions caused by tectonic movement. However, they are far from the relationship with the events that occurred in the text.
See too: Geography in Enem: subjects that fall the most
4. (Enem/2017) The diversity of activities related to the tertiary sector reinforces the more general trend of deindustrialization of many of the developed countries without, however, losing control of the economy. This change implies a new international division of labor, which is no longer supported by the clear sectorial segmentation of economic activities.
RIO, G. THE. P. The spatiality of the economy. In: CASTRO, I. AND.; GOMES, P. Ç. Ç.; CORRÊA, R. L. (Org.). Geographical perspectives: ways of seeing and living space. Rio de Janeiro: Bertrand Brasil, 2012 (adapted).
In this context, the phenomenon described has as one of its results the
A) saturation of the secondary sector.
B) expansion of labor rights.
C) bipolarization of geopolitical power.
D) consolidation of the technological domain.
E) insourcing of global exports.
Correct alternative D) consolidation of technological domain.
A) WRONG. The secondary sector is no longer predominant in the current global scenario.
B) WRONG. With the implantation of neoliberalism, labor rights declined all over the world.
C) WRONG. Geopolitical power is currently divided into several poles.
D) CORRECT. With the accumulation of technology and knowledge, industrialized countries maintain the lead through their brands and royalties.
E) WRONG. As the statement says, the economy has spread across the entire global territory, and there is no exclusivity of exports.
Sociology
Main concepts
- What is Sociology?
- Positivism
- Marxism
- scientific socialism
- Class struggle
- The added value of Karl Marx
- Materialism
- Citizenship
- Democracy
- Freedom of expression
- Religious intolerance
- Xenophobia
- Homophobia
- Criminal majority
- Nepotism
- three powers
Society
- social organization
- social institutions
- social division of labor
- Social relationships
- Social role
- Stratified society
- Social isolation
- Social inequality
- Social exclusion
- Social change
- Cultural diversity
Top thinkers
- Auguste Comte
- Durkheim
- Max Weber
- Karl Marx
- Friedrich Engels
- Florestan Fernandes
- Darcy Ribeiro
- Gilberto Freyre
Sociology issues that fell in Enem
5. (Enem/2017) Morality, Bentham exhorted, is not a matter of pleasing God, much less of fidelity to abstract rules. Morality is the attempt to create as much happiness as possible in this world. In deciding what to do, we should therefore ask which course of conduct would promote the greatest amount of happiness for all who will be affected.
RACHELS, J. The elements of moral philosophy. Barueri-SP: Manole, 2006.
The action parameters indicated in the text conform to a
A) scientific foundation with a positivist bias.
B) social convention of normative orientation.
C) religious behavioral transgression.
D) pragmatic rationality.
E) inclination of a passionate nature.
Correct alternative: D) pragmatic rationality.
A) WRONG. The positivist view presupposes the possibility of a scientific method for the validity of a process. The text takes happiness as its fundamental value.
Happiness does not tend to be a value that can be quantified through a method, but rather from the standpoint of opposition to suffering.
Therefore, we cannot associate a positivist view with the idea of “greater amount of happiness”.
B) WRONG. The statement contained in the text is not a social convention, but a norm that must come from the individual as a social being.
C) WRONG. As this is a period with a strong Enlightenment influence, there is a split with theologically based morality. The proposal is supported without any relation to religion.
D) CORRECT. Enlightenment ideals bring with them rationality and Reason as a revolutionary or negating force to the medieval perspective of submitting reason to faith.
English thinker Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832), as an advocate of utilitarianism, proposes that rationality is anchored in its relationship with practice and utility, reinforcing the character pragmatist of reason.
E) WRONG. Although happiness refers to emotions and can be understood in its passionate aspect. The perspective assumed in the text has a purely rational character. This is not a conception based on inclinations or based on subjectivity, but rather as a rational universal.
See too: Sociology in Enem: what to study
6. (Enem/2017) Art. 231. The Indians are recognized for their social organization, customs, languages, beliefs and traditions, and their original rights on the lands they traditionally occupy, it being up to the Union to demarcate, protect and ensure respect for all their assets.
BRAZIL. Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil of 1988. Available at: www.planalto.gov.br. Accessed on: April 27 2017.
The persistence of claims related to the application of this normative precept has in view the fundamental historical link between
A) ethnicity and racial miscegenation.
B) society and legal equality.
C) space and cultural survival.
D) progress and environmental education.
E) well-being and economic modernization.
Correct alternative: C) space and cultural survival.
A) WRONG. The excerpt from the Federal Constitution does not refer to miscegenation as a protective factor or vulnerability to indigenous ethnic groups.
B) WRONG. It is necessary to realize that a vision of society and legal equality within a homogenizing perspective it may not take into account plurality and act as an exclusion factor for certain social groups, such as the Indians.
C) CORRECT. In the Constitution, the right to territory (space) is presented in its bond (as necessary) for the cultural survival of indigenous peoples. The loss of the right to territory is understood as a risk to the “social organization, customs, languages, beliefs and traditions” specific to different groups.
D) WRONG. The idea of progress and environmental education may or may not be related to respect for cultural diversity. In the text, the regulation of this bond is not in question.
E) WRONG. Likewise, what is presented in the passage extracted from the Constitution is not intended to establish itself as a normative precept to the relationship between well-being and economic modernization.
Philosophy
Classical Philosophy - Medieval (or Scholastic)
- ancient philosophy
- medieval philosophy
- pre-Socratic philosophers
- Sophistry
- Platonism
- Plato's Dialectic
- Cave myth
- Aristotelian logic
- Syllogism
- Dogmatism
- Metaphysics
- ethic
- Epicureanism
- Stoicism
- scholastic
Modern and Contemporary Philosophy
- modern philosophy
- contemporary philosophy
- Enlightenment Philosophers
- Frankfurt School
- inductive method
- deductive method
- Rationalism
- Utilitarianism
- Nihilism
- Idealism
- Liberalism
- Existentialism
- philosophy of science
Philosophy issues that fell in Enem
7. (Enem/2017) If, therefore, for the things we do there is an end that we desire for itself and everything else is desired in the interest of that end; evidently such an end will be the good, or rather the supreme good. But will not knowledge have a great influence on this life? If so, let us endeavor to determine, even if only in general terms, what it is and which of the sciences or faculties it constitutes the object. No one will doubt that his study belongs to the most prestigious art and that one can more truly call the master art. Now, politics proves to be of this nature, since it determines which sciences must be studied in a State, which each citizen must learn, and to what extent; and we see that even the faculties held in the highest esteem, such as strategy, economics, and rhetoric, are subject to it. Well, as politics uses the other sciences and, on the other hand, legislates on what we should and what not we must do, the purpose of this science must encompass those of the others, so that this purpose will be the good human.
Aristotle. Ethics to Nicomachus. In: Thinkers. São Paulo: Nova Cultural, 1991 (adapted).
For Aristotle, the relationship between the highest good and the organization of polis presupposes that
A) the good of individuals consists in each one pursuing their own interests.
B) the highest good is given by the faith that the gods are the bearers of truth.
C) politics is the science that precedes all others in the organization of the city.
D) education aims to form the conscience of each person to act correctly.
E) democracy protects political activities necessary for the common good.
Correct alternative: C) politics is the science that precedes all others in the organization of the city.
A) WRONG. For the philosopher, the political nature of human beings tends to define common interests.
B) WRONG. Aristotle affirms that the highest good is happiness (eudaimonia) and human beings fulfill themselves through political life.
C) CORRECT. The question works with three central concepts in Aristotle:
- The human being is a political animal (zoon politikon). The polis is prior to the individual. Therefore, it is human nature to associate and live in community, this is what sets us apart from other animals.
- The human being naturally seeks happiness. happiness is the Greater good.
Therefore, politics is the science that precedes all others in the organization of the city. It is the guarantee of the realization of human nature in the relationships existing in the polis and the organization of everyone towards happiness.
D) WRONG. Aristotelian philosophy understands the human being as essentially good, not needing "to form the conscience to act correctly".
E) WRONG. Aristotle was an advocate of politics, but not necessarily democracy. For the philosopher, there are a number of factors that make up a good government and these factors vary according to contexts, also changing the best form of government.
8. (Enem/2017) A question of such nature transforms the listener; Socrates' contact paralyzes and embarrasses; it leads to reflection on itself, to give attention to an unusual direction: the temperamental ones, like Alcibiades, know that they will find with him all the good they are capable of, but they flee because they fear this powerful influence, which leads them to censor. It is above all these young people, many of whom are almost children, that he tries to impress his orientation.
BRÉHIER, E. History of Philosophy. São Paulo: Mestre Jou, 1977.
The text highlights characteristics of the Socratic way of life, which was based on
A) contemplation of the mythical tradition.
B) support of the dialectical method.
C) relativization of true knowledge.
D) valorization of rhetorical argumentation.
E) investigation of the fundamentals of nature.
Correct alternative: B) support of the dialectical method.
A) WRONG. Socrates seeks to abandon myths and opinions for the construction of true knowledge.
B) CORRECT. Socrates was an advocate of ignorance as the basic principle for knowledge. Hence the importance of his phrase "I only know that I know nothing". For him, it is better not to know than to think he knows.
Thus, Socrates built a method that, through dialogue (dialectical method), false certainties and prejudices were abandoned, the interlocutor assumed his ignorance. From there, he sought true knowledge.
C) WRONG. Socrates believed that there is true knowledge and that it can be awakened through reason. He made several criticisms of the sophists, because they take a perspective of relativizing knowledge.
D) WRONG. The sophists claimed that the truth is a mere point of view, being based on the most convincing argument. For Socrates, this position was contrary to the essence of true knowledge, proper to the human soul.
E) WRONG. The philosopher begins the anthropological period of Greek philosophy. Issues relating to human life became the center of attention, leaving aside the search for the foundations of nature, typical of the pre-Socratic period.
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