For those of you who are preparing for Enem and want to test your knowledge, we have selected questions that have already passed the exam. In addition to practicing, you can review content with the explanation we have prepared for the answers to each of the alternatives. Start now and good studies!
Languages, Codes and their Technologies
1. (Enem 2013)
Available in: http://clubedamafalda.blogspot.com.br. Accessed on: 21 sep. 2011.
In this cartoon, the morphosyntactic resource that contributes to the mood effect is indicated by (a)
a) use of an adversative prayer, which guides the breaking of expectations at the end.
b) use of additive conjunction, which creates a cause and effect relationship between actions.
c) taking up the noun "mother", which undoes the ambiguity of the meanings attributed to it.
d) use of the pronominal form "la", which reflects a formal treatment of the child in relation to "mother".
e) repetition of the verb form "is", which reinforces the relationship of addition existing between clauses.
Correct alternative: a) use of an adversative prayer, which guides the breaking of expectation at the end.
a) CORRECT. Adversative clauses contrast ideas. So, when the boy is expected to speak ill of vices, he says that it is necessary to respect them, which is made from the introduction of the adversative conjunction “but”: “but a mother is a mother and it is necessary respect it”.
b) WRONG. Additive conjunctions do not express a relationship of cause and effect, but of sum, such as “and”, “but also”.
c) WRONG. Although the word “mother” is used with different meanings - one of which is the figurative sense, in which it has the meaning of cause - it is not this feature that causes the effect of humor in the cartoon.
d) WRONG. The use of the unstressed oblique pronoun “la” does not contribute to the mood effect. It works only as a direct object, to avoid repeating the word “mother”.
e) WRONG. The linking verb “é” has the function of linking the subject to the predicative. It does not express any addition relationship.
2. (Enem/2014)
moralistic censorship
Reading has been on the agenda for some time. And, it is said, in crisis. This crisis is commented, for example, pointing out the precariousness of reading practices, lamenting the lack of familiarity of young people with books, complaining about the lack of libraries in so many municipalities, the price of books in bookstores, in a never-ending problem and shortcomings. But, for some time now, academic researches have been saying that maybe it's not exactly like that, that Brazilians do read, only that they read books that traditional research does not take into account. And, also for some time now, educational policies have taken to heart investing in books and reading.
LAJOLO, M. Available at: www.estadao.com.br. Accessed on: 2 Dec. 2013 (fragment).
The speakers, in the texts they produce, whether oral or written, take a stand on issues that generate consensus or arouse controversy. In the text, the author
a) emphasizes the importance of teachers encouraging young people to practice reading.
b) criticizes traditional researches that attribute the lack of reading to the precariousness of libraries.
c) refutes the idea that educational policies are effective in combating the reading crisis.
d) questions the existence of a reading crisis based on academic research data.
e) attributes the reading crisis to the lack of incentives and young people's lack of interest in quality books.
Correct alternative: d) questions the existence of a reading crisis based on academic research data.
a) WRONG. The text makes no mention of the teachers' lack of encouragement to read.
b) WRONG. Despite informing that academic research shows that Brazilians read, while traditional polls say otherwise, these polls point to several problems in addition to the lack of libraries.
c) WRONG. With regard to educational policies, the author only informs what academic research say about the investment made for reading, but does not take any position on this question.
d) CORRECT. The author begins by talking about the supposed crisis in reading practices and, in a second moment, informs that academic research leads to believe that such a crisis does not exist.
e) WRONG. The text does not give any indication of young people's lack of interest in quality books.
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3. (Enem/2015)
MAGRITTE, R. Reproduction prohibited. Oil on canvas, 81.3 x 65 cm. Museum Bijmans Van Buningen, Netherlands, 1937.
Surrealism became one of the European artistic vanguards of the early 20th century. René Magritte, a Belgian painter, presents elements of this avant-garde in his productions. A trace of Surrealism present in this painting is (a):
a) juxtaposition of disparate elements, observed in the image of man in the mirror.
b) criticism of pastism, exposed in the double image of man always looking forward.
c) construction of perspective, presented in the superposition of visual planes.
d) automatism process, indicated in the repetition of the image of man.
e) collage procedure, identified in the book's reflection in the mirror.
Correct alternative: a) juxtaposition of disparate elements, observed in the image of the man in the mirror.
a) CORRECT. Surrealism was an artistic movement that sought to bring “absurd” scenarios, valuing the oneiric universe (of dreams) and also based on Freud's psychoanalysis. Therefore, composing disparate elements, such as the illogical image of the man reflected from his back in the mirror, translates the bases of this European avant-garde.
b) WRONG. The term “pastism” means conservatism, nostalgia. Here, there is no criticism of the past, but an illogical character in the unreal image of man reflected in the mirror.
c) WRONG. The preoccupation with perspective was not a feature of Surrealism. Furthermore, the overlapping of visual planes is not necessarily what builds the notion of perspective.
d) WRONG. The so-called “psychic automatism” was a technique used by surrealists in the production of their works. It consists in leaving the unconscious free to express itself, creating more spontaneous and “automatic” works from a psychological point of view.
It is not this characteristic that we observe on Magritte's canvas. What we can see in the image, and which is a striking feature of the artistic movement, is its illogical character.
e) WRONG. The collage resource was a striking feature in the European avant-garde known as Cubism, not Surrealism. Furthermore, the Prohibited Reproduction screen does not display such a technique.
Be sure to read other related texts:
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- Arts issues that fell in Enem
- Exercises on European Vanguards
4. (Enem/2016)
antiode
Poetry, it won't be this
the sense in which
I still write to you:
flower! (I write to you:
flower! not a
flower, not even that one
flower-virtue – in disguised urinals).
flower is the word
flower; inscribed verse
on the back, like the
mornings on time.
flower is the jump
from the bird to the flight:
the bounce out of sleep
when your tissue
breaks; it's a blast
put to work,
like a machine,
a vase of flowers.
MELO NETO, J. Ç. Psychology of composition Rio de Janeiro Nova Fronteira, 1997 (fragment)
Poetry is marked by the recreation of the object through language, without necessarily explaining it. In this fragment by João Cabral de Melo Neto, poet of the 1945 generation, the lyrical subject proposes the poetic recreation of
a) a word, from images with which it can be compared, in order to take on new meanings.
b) a urinal, in reference to the visual arts linked to the avant-garde of the early 20th century.
c) a bird, which composes, with its movements, an image historically linked to the poetic word.
d) a machine, taking into account the relevance of the post-Industrial Revolution technical-scientific discourse.
e) a fabric, as its composition depends on elements intrinsic to the lyrical self.
Correct alternative: a) a word, from images to which it can be compared, in order to take on new meanings.
a) CORRECT. The word “flower” is repeated several times and in a comparative way with other elements present in the poem: “Flower is the word”, “Flower is the bird's jump”, among others.
b) WRONG. There is only one reference made to the urinal, which is not enough to say that the poem proposes its re-creation.
c) WRONG. The same happens with the bird, whose only reference is: “Flower is the bird's leap into flight: the leap out of sleep when its tissue breaks”.
d) WRONG. The poet mentions a machine only for the purpose of comparing an explosion with the action of making it work.
e) WRONG. Once again, the only mention made by the poet to the fabric is found in the following excerpt: “the leap out of sleep when its fabric breaks”.
See too: Enem: everything you need to know
5. (Enem/2017) These girls had the time to affirm the opposite of what they wanted. I noticed the uniqueness when they started praising my monkey-colored jacket. They examined it seriously, found the cloth and trim to be of superior quality, the shape admirable. I puffed up: I had never noticed such advantages. But the boasts lingered, they brought me distrust. I finally realized that they were mocking and I wasn't susceptible. Far from it: I found that way of speaking upside down curious, different from the rudeness I was used to. I was generally told frankly that my clothes didn't fit my body, I was left in my armpits.
BRANCHES, G. Childhood. Rio de Janeiro: Record, 1994.
Through linguistic resources, the texts mobilize strategies to introduce and resume ideas, promoting the progression of the theme. In the transcribed fragment, a new aspect of the theme is introduced by the expression
a) "the uniqueness".
b) "such advantages".
c) "the boasts".
d) "Far from it".
e) "In general".
Correct alternative: d) "Far from it".
a) WRONG. “the uniqueness” is not an expression.
b) WRONG. “such advantages” is not an expression either, nor does it promote the progression of the text.
c) WRONG. Cheers are compliments. It is a noun, preceded by an article, not an expression.
d) RIGHT. The compliments women paid to a man's jacket were actually ironic. When he realized this, instead of being resentful, he found the girls' irony curious: "Far from it: I found that way of talking inside out."
e) WRONG. The phrase that is introduced by “In general”, gives the idea of conclusion, that is, the conclusion of the subject, and not the progression of the subject.
Natural Sciences and its Technologies
6. (Enem/2013) For the identification of a boy victim of an accident, tissue fragments were removed and subjected to extraction of nuclear DNA, for comparison with the available DNA of possible family members (father, maternal grandfather, maternal grandmother, son and daughter). As the test with nuclear DNA was not conclusive, experts chose to also use mitochondrial DNA, to resolve doubts.
To identify the body, experts must check for homology between the boy's mitochondrial DNA and the mitochondrial DNA of (a)
a) father.
b) son.
c) daughter.
d) maternal grandmother.
e) maternal grandfather
Correct alternative: d) maternal grandmother.
Mitochondria are organelles present in eukaryotic cells whose function is to produce most of the energy needed for cellular activities. This process is called cellular respiration.
From the drawing above, we can see that circular DNA molecules are present in the structure of the mitochondria. DNA is present in all living beings and carries all the genetic information of an organism.
Although most genetic material is found inside the cell nucleus, mitochondria also have genetic information about the individual; it is the mitochondrial DNA.
According to this information we have to:
a) WRONG. During fertilization, the sperm is attracted to the egg due to the release of chemical substances.
With the entry of the sperm, its structures fuse with the egg, thus the basal bodies of the flagellum originate the centrioles of the zygote and the rest of the flagellum and mitochondria degenerate into fertilization. Thus, the mitochondrial DNA comes from the mother, as this is fully present inside the egg.
b) WRONG. This genetic inheritance is from the maternal lineage, so the transmission of the material only runs from mother to child.
c) WRONG. This genetic inheritance is from the maternal lineage, so the transmission of the material only runs from mother to daughter.
d) CORRECT. The genetic information found inside mitochondria is inherited only from the mother. Likewise, the mother received this inheritance from the individual's grandmother.
e) WRONG. The transmission of material has no connection with the paternal lineage.
7. (Enem/2014)
In the pedigree, filled symbols represent people with a rare type of genetic disease. Men are represented by squares and women by circles. What is the observed pattern of inheritance for this disease?
a) Autosomal dominant, as the disease appears in both sexes.
b) Recess linked to sex, as transmission from father to children does not occur.
c) Y-linked recessive, as the disease is transmitted from heterozygous parents to children.
d) Gender-linked dominant, as all daughters of affected men also have the disease.
e) Autosomal codominant, as the disease is inherited by children of both sexes, both from the father and the mother.
Correct alternative: d) Sex-linked dominant, as all daughters of affected men also have the disease.
Heredograms are diagrams that show kinship relationships in a particular family, where each individual is represented by a symbol. The painted symbols represent the carriers of the anomaly and it is distributed as follows:
When a male with the disease has children, the female offspring are carriers of the disease. When a woman with the disease has children, there is a possibility that both sexes have the disease.
According to this information we have to:
a) WRONG. The pattern is not autosomal, as it is not distributed equally between both sexes.
b) WRONG. The disease is not recessive, as affected women have male children who are not affected.
c) WRONG. The disease is not linked to the Y chromosome, otherwise it would pass on to men.
d) CORRECT. Since all daughters of affected parents develop the disease, so the genes are located on sex chromosomes. The male has the XaY genotype, with Xa being inherited from the mother.
The gene is on the X chromosome and is dominant, with just one Xa for the disease to manifest, since men have married women who do not have the anomaly. When having daughters, the gene responsible for the anomaly is transmitted and the affected offspring have the XaX genotype.
e) WRONG. Codominance presents itself when there is no dominance or recessivity and, in this case, we have seen that it is dominant in relation to the sex chromosome.
8. (Enem/2015) Caustic soda can be used to unclog domestic plumbing and has, in its composition, sodium hydroxide as its main component, in addition to some impurities. Soda is usually sold in solid form, but it has a “melted” appearance when exposed to air for a period of time.
The phenomenon of "melting" stems from the
a) absorption of moisture present in atmospheric air.
b) fusion of the hydroxide by heat exchange with the environment.
c) reaction of product impurities with oxygen in the air.
d) adsorption of atmospheric gases on the solid surface.
e) reaction of sodium hydroxide with nitrogen gas present in the air.
Correct alternative: a) absorption of moisture present in atmospheric air.
a) CORRECT. Sodium hydroxide is a strong base, highly hygroscopic and therefore easily absorbs moisture from the air.
In this process, the water vapor in the atmosphere is retained in such a way that liquid water begins to form and the appearance of "melted" after a certain period of time. period occurs, because the greater the amount of water, the solid goes through a dissolution, due to the solubility of sodium hydroxide in Water.
b) WRONG. Fusion is the passage from the solid state to the liquid. The exchange of heat with the environment does not cause the fusion of NaOH, because the melting point of this base is 318 °C.
c) WRONG. The impurities that sodium hydroxide may contain are the result of the manufacturing process. In addition to being present in small amounts, impurities such as carbonates, chlorides and sulfates when reacting with air do not generate the aspect mentioned in the text.
d) WRONG. The gas present in the greatest quantity in the atmosphere is nitrogen, followed by oxygen. There are also small amounts of other gases such as carbon dioxide and noble gases.
The adsorption of gases occurs when they are retained on the surface of a solid, where the silica gel and the activated carbon the best known adsorbents, which due to the amount of pores have the ability to adsorption increased.
The difference between adsorption and absorption is that the first process only fixes a substance on its surface, while in the second the material is transferred from one phase to another.
e) WRONG. The nitrogen present in the air is very stable and chemically not very reactive due to the triple bond that binds the molecule.
Remember that you must be careful when handling sodium hydroxide, using
always wear gloves, as skin contact can cause severe burns.
9. (Enem/2016) One person is responsible for maintaining a wet sauna. Every day, he performs the same ritual: he picks lemongrass leaves and some eucalyptus leaves. Then, place the leaves in the steam outlet of the sauna, flavoring it, as shown in the figure.
Which separation process is responsible for the promoted aromatization?
a) Simple filtration.
b) Simple distillation.
c) Drag extraction.
d) Fractional sublimation.
e) Solid-liquid decantation.
Correct alternative: c) Drag extraction.
a) WRONG. Filtration is a method of separating heterogeneous solid-liquid and solid-gas mixtures. In simple filtration a filter medium is used and acts as a barrier to retain solid particles and separate them from the filtered material.
b) WRONG. Simple distillation separates components of homogeneous solid-liquid mixtures by boiling point. Dissolved solid is separated by evaporation of the liquid on heating the mixture.
c) CORRECT. By placing eucalyptus leaves in the steam outlet, the sauna is flavored. Drag extraction occurs when the steam generated in the sauna extracts volatile compounds from the leaves, which it has a lower boiling point, and when receiving heat from the steam these compounds volatilize and aromatize the environment.
Drag extraction can also be done by using a solvent to extract components from a mixture according to solubility. For example, a non-polar solvent can extract non-polar compounds from leaves.
d) WRONG. Sublimation is a change in physical state that occurs when a substance changes from a solid to a gas under certain conditions of temperature and pressure.
e) WRONG. Settling of heterogeneous solid-liquid mixtures occurs when the material is left to rest and the solids settle due to the difference in density.
10. (Enem/2017) Fuse is an overcurrent protection device in circuits. When the current passing through this electrical component is greater than its maximum rated current, the fuse blows. In this way, it prevents the high current from damaging the circuit devices. Suppose the electrical circuit shown is powered by a U voltage source and the fuse supports a rated current of 500 mA.
What is the maximum value of voltage U for the fuse not to blow?
a) 20 V
b) 40V
c) 60V
d) 120V
e) 185 V
Correct alternative: d) 120 V.
The circuit proposed in the question is formed by a mixed association of resistors. We also know that the maximum current supported by the fuse is 500 mA (0.5 A).
To find out the maximum value of the battery voltage, we can isolate the part of the circuit where the fuse is located, as shown in the figure below.
This is possible, since the "top" part of the circuit is subjected to the same voltage as the "bottom" part (highlighted part in the image), as its terminals are connected to the same points (A and B)
Let's start by finding the voltage value at the 120 resistor terminals. The current through this resistor (i1) is the same as through the fuse. Thus, we have: Uac = 0.5.120 = 60 V
This will be the same voltage that the 60 resistor terminals are subjected to, as it is wired in parallel with the 120 resistor.
With this information we can find the value of the current (i2) that passes through this resistor:
60 = i2.60
i2=60/60
i2=1A
The current i3 passing through the resistor of 40 is equal to the sum of i1 and i2, that is: i3 = 1+0.5 = 1.5 A
We can now calculate the voltage value at the 40 resistor terminals: Udb=1.5.40=60 V
Thus, the circuit voltage will be equal to the sum of Uac and Udb: U = 60 + 60 = 120V
Correct alternative D.
Want to become an ace in Physics? read:
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Mathematics and its Technologies
11. (Enem/2013) Taxpayers who sell more than R$ 20 thousand of shares on the Stock Exchange in one month must pay income tax. The payment to the IRS will consist of 15% of the profit obtained from the sale of shares.
Available at: www1.folha.uol.com.br. Accessed on: 26 Apr. 2010 (adapted).
A taxpayer who sells a lot of shares that cost R$26 thousand for R$34,000 will have to pay the amount of income tax to the Internal Revenue Service.
a) BRL 900.00.
b) BRL 1 200.00.
c) BRL 2 100.00.
d) BRL 3,900.00.
e) BRL 5 100.00.
Correct alternative: b) R$ 1 200.00.
Since the tax is to be paid on top of the profit, then we need to find out what that amount was. To do this, just decrease the sale value by the purchase value, that is:
Profit = 34 000 - 26 000 = 8 000
Now we have to find 15% of this amount, which will be equal to the tax that the taxpayer must pay:
Tax = 15%. 8 000=15/100.8000= 1200
See too: Mathematics Questions in Enem
12. (Enem/2014) A child wants to create triangles using matchsticks of the same length. Each triangle will be constructed with exactly 17 toothpicks and at least one side of the triangle must be exactly 6 toothpicks in length. The figure illustrates a triangle constructed with these features.
The maximum number of two-by-two non-congruent triangles that can be constructed is
a) 3.
b) 5.
c) 6.
d) 8.
e) 10.
Correct alternative: a) 3.
The statement informs that a total of 17 toothpicks must be distributed along the sides of the triangle, and one side must have 6 toothpicks.
This way, 11 toothpicks are left for the other two sides. Let's check the positive integers that add up to 11:
10+1 = 11
9+2 =11
8+3 = 11
7+4 = 11
6+5 = 11
5+6 = 11
4+7=11
3+8=11
2+9 =11
1+10=11
As the restriction of having non-congruent triangles (same measure) is placed, then we will eliminate the options that appear the same numbers in another order.
In addition, we need to identify the pairs where it is not possible to form a triangle; this happens when the sum of two sides is less than the third side (triangular inequality).
Note that 6.10 and 1 do not form a triangle, as 6+1
Eliminating these cases, the triangles with sides remain:
- 6, 8,3
- 6,7,5
- 6,4,6
Thus, the maximum number of triangles that can be constructed is 3.
13. (Enem/2015) An architect is renovating a house. In order to contribute to the environment, he decides to reuse wooden planks taken from the house. It has 40 boards measuring 540 cm, 30 with 810 cm and 10 with 1080 cm, all of the same width and thickness. He asked a carpenter to cut the boards into pieces of equal length, without leaving leftovers, and so that the new pieces were as large as possible, but shorter in length that 2 m.
In response to the architect's request, the carpenter must produce
a) 105 pieces.
b) 120 pieces.
c) 210 pieces.
d) 243 pieces.
e) 420 pieces.
Correct alternative: e) 420 pieces.
As the pieces are asked to be the same length and as large as possible, we will calculate the mdc (maximum common divisor).
Note that this result is in centimeters and we have to change it to a meter. Thus, the result is 2.70 m.
However, the value found cannot be used, as there is a restriction on the length being less than 2 m.
So, let's divide 2.7 by 2, since this way the value found will also be a common divisor of 540, 810, and 1 080, as 2 is the smallest common prime factor among these numbers.
Then, the length of each piece will be equal to 1.35 m (2.7: 2). Now we need to calculate how many pieces we will have of each board. For this, we pass each measurement to meters. So we have:
5.40: 1.35 = 4 pieces
8.10: 1.35 = 6 pieces
10.80: 1.35 = 8 pieces
Considering the quantity of each board and adding up, we have:
40. 4 + 30. 6 + 10. 8 = 160 + 180 + 80 = 420 pieces
14. (Enem/2016) In general, radial tires have an abc/deRfg marking on their side, such as 185/65R15. This marking identifies the tire measurements as follows:
- abc is the measurement of the tire's width, in millimeters;
- de is equal to the product of 100 by the ratio between the height measurement (in millimeters) and the tire width measurement (in millimeters);
- R stands for radial;
- fg is the measurement of the tire's inner diameter, in inches.
The figure illustrates the variables related to these data.
The owner of a vehicle needs to change the tires on his car and, when he arrives at a store, he is informed by a seller that there are only tires with the following codes: 175/65R15, 175/75R15, 175/80R15, 185/60R15 and 205/55R15.
Analyzing, together with the seller, the available tire options, they conclude that the most suitable tire for their vehicle is the one with the smallest height.
In this way, the vehicle owner must buy the tire with the marking
a) 205/55R15.
b) 175/65R15.
c) 175/75R15.
d) 175/80R15.
e) 185/60R15
Correct alternative: e) 185/60R15.
According to the statement, we have the following relationship:
100.H/abc = of
Through this relationship, we identified that the tire with the smallest height is the one in which the abc.de product is also smaller. Solving this multiplication for the options presented, we have:
205.55=11 275
175.65=11 375
175.75=13 125
175.80=14 00
185.60=11 100
Thus, the one with the smallest height is the 185/60R15 tire.
15. (Enem/2017) On a tourist cable car, cable cars leave from stations at sea level and from the top of a mountain. The crossing takes 1.5 minutes and both cable cars move at the same speed, forty seconds after the cable car From the station at sea level, it crosses with cable car B, which had left the top of the Mountain.
How many seconds after the departure of cable car B did cable car A start?
a) 5
b) 10
c) 15
d) 20
e) 25
Correct alternative: b) 10.
The crossing time for the cable cars lasts 1.5 minutes, which is the same as 90 seconds.
If cable car A met cable car B 40 seconds after its departure, cable car B was already descending at 50 seconds (90 - 40 = 50).
Since we want to know how many seconds before cable car B left, so we find 50 - 40 = 10 seconds.
Human Sciences and its Technologies
16. (Enem 2013)
Social life without internet?
The cartoon reveals a criticism of the media, especially the internet, because
a) questions the integration of people in virtual relationship networks.
b) considers social relationships as less important than virtual ones.
c) extols man's claim to be everywhere at the same time.
d) accurately describes human societies in the globalized world.
e) sees the computer network as the most effective space for building social relationships.
Correct alternative: a) questions the integration of people in virtual relationship networks.
a) CORRECT. The relationships in the world today take place in two ways: offline (traditional relationships based on coexistence, and online (relationships and interactions mediated by social networks on the internet). The cartoon questions the overvaluation of online relationships over offline life.
The new interaction possibilities do not replace the previous ones. There needs to be an educational work so that people can, in fact, appropriate the new tools in a conscious and critical way.
b) WRONG. In fact, the criticism presented in the strip is the opposite of this alternative, which says that social interactions are also very important. The relationships established in a virtual environment are a new reality and make up a new social scenario. However, it is important to understand the multidimensional character of human relationships, without sublimating one form of relationship to the detriment of the other.
c) WRONG. Under the pretense of being everywhere at the same time, individuals can be restricted only to acting in the virtual world. The online space of human life is characterized, in addition to the speed of information exchange, by mediation and control by large companies and a strong appeal to consumption.
d) WRONG. Society in the globalized world has a multidimensional character, it is not limited to online and offline relationships.
Accurately describing human societies in the globalized world requires realizing that there is no homogeneity regarding the appropriation of new technological tools. There is a dominant center that seeks to propagate its way of life as a parameter or goal, and there are peripheral groups, which make the same use and do not have the same accesses.
e) WRONG. One of the new challenges imposed on society is related to the balance between acting in the network and outside it. It is necessary to realize that it is a moment of transition to a new perspective. Thus, it is necessary to be aware of which new developments truly represent an advance and which may only be “side effects” that must be controlled.
17. (Enem/2014) The transfer of the court brought the royal family and the government of the Metropolis to Portuguese America. It also brought, and above all, a good part of the Portuguese administrative apparatus. Various personalities and royal officials continued to embark for Brazil after the court, their jobs and their relatives after the year 1808.
NOVAIS, F. THE.; ALENCASTRO, L. F. (Org.). History of private life in Brazil. São Paulo: Company of Letters, 1997.
The facts presented relate to the process of independence of Portuguese America as they have
a) encouraged the popular cry for freedom.
b) weakened the pact of metropolitan domination.
c) motivated slave revolts against the colonial elite.
d) obtained the support of the Portuguese constitutionalist group.
e) provoked the separatist movements of the provinces.
Correct alternative: b) weakened the pact of metropolitan domination.
a) WRONG. There was no popular clamor for freedom.
b) CORRECT. With the transfer of the Portuguese Court to Brazil, the roles between metropolis and colony are inverted. Brazil starts to gain more importance and commercial freedoms until then prohibited by its colonial status. This process would result in the elevation of Brazil to the United Kingdom, increasingly benefiting the country.
c) WRONG. There were no slave revolts in this period.
d) WRONG. The Portuguese constitutionalist group did not support Brazil's independence process.
e) WRONG. The separatist movements in the provinces were against the Portuguese centralizing project.
Want to know more about History on Enem? check out:
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18. (Enem/2015) Greek philosophy seems to start with an absurd idea, with the proposition: water is the origin and matrix of all things. Is it really necessary to stop at it and take it seriously? Yes, and for three reasons: first, because this proposition enunciates something about the origin of things; secondly, because it does so without image and fabulation; and, finally, thirdly, because in it, although only in a state of chrysalis, is contained the thought: All is one.
NIETZSCHE, F. Modern criticism. In: The Presocratics. São Paulo: Nova Cultural, 1999.
What, according to Nietzsche, characterizes the rise of philosophy among the Greeks?
a) The impulse to transform, through justifications, the sensible elements into rational truths.
b) The desire to explain, using metaphors, the origin of beings and things.
c) The need to rationally seek the first cause of existing things.
d) The ambition to methodically expose the differences between things.
e) The attempt to justify, from empirical elements, what exists in reality.
Correct alternative: c) The need to rationally seek the first cause of existing things.
a) WRONG. The Presocratics were not concerned with what was lived or experienced by them. Thought turned to explaining the origin of all things.
b) WRONG. It is refuted in the text itself: “secondly, because it does so without image and fabulation”. Metaphor is a figure of speech that seeks to explain or enunciate something from an image that serves as an analogy. What pre-Socratic philosophers sought was properly to break with the explanations of myths, full of images and fables.
c) CORRECT. Nietzsche was a critical reader of philosophy and the influence of pre-Socratic philosophers, especially Heraclitus, is evident in Nietzschean thought. However, despite Nietzsche's text, the issue is centered on pre-Socratic philosophy.
With this, we have Nietzsche's view of what mobilized pre-Socratic philosophy: the need to rationally seek the first cause of things. The search for the primordial element, the cause of everything that exists.
d) WRONG. The primordial element (arché) is the common origin of all things and not their difference.
e) WRONG. The first philosophy, as it is also called, is metaphysics. It is the explanation for the supersensible elements that cannot be the target of experience (empirical elements). They cannot be felt, only thought about.
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19. (Enem/2016)
Available in: http://portuguese.brazil.usembassy.gov. Accessed on: 11 May 2016 (adapted).
Within the current production networks, the aforementioned bloc has a strategic composition as it is a group of countries with
a) high social standard.
b) integrated monetary system.
c) high technological development.
d) similar cultural identities.
e) complementary locational advantages.
Correct alternative: e) additional locational advantages.
a) WRONG. Most countries that are part of this bloc do not have a high social standard.
b) WRONG. It doesn't have a single monetary system.
c) WRONG. Not all countries in this bloc have high technological development.
d) WRONG. Certain countries, such as Australia and New Zealand, share some cultural aspects, but Chile and Vietnam, for example, do not.
e) CORRECT. As they are all bathed by the Pacific Ocean, this means that the space for the exchange of goods and services takes place, above all, in this space.
20. (Enem/2017)
Elaborated in 1969, the rereading contained in Figure 2 reveals aspects of a trajectory and work dedicated to
a) valorization of a traditional representation of women.
b) mischaracterization of references from Northeastern folklore.
c) fusion of Brazilian elements to European fashion.
d) mass consumption of a local art.
e) creation of an aesthetic of resistance.
Correct alternative: e) creation of an aesthetic of resistance.
a) WRONG. The stylist's concern was not to value the “traditional woman”. In this case, Maria Bonita was not exactly an ideal of a traditional woman, but a revolutionary in Brazilian cangaço.
b) WRONG. In the collection of stylist Zuzu Angel there is no mischaracterization of the northeastern culture, on the contrary, the stylist uses such elements quite faithfully.
c) WRONG. It is not possible to observe European elements in the designer's collection.
d) WRONG. The stylist's intention was not to massify the consumption of northeastern art, but to show the characteristics of a northeastern social movement of resistance.
e) CORRECT. This alternative is correct, as Zuzu Angel, by taking elements of cangaço clothing into fashion, emphasizes its resistance character. It is important to remember that at the time, there was a military dictatorship in Brazil, which killed and tortured countless people. The designer's son Stuart Angel was arrested and killed by the government. Therefore, she valued a critical and fighting stance in her work.
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