The Digestive System is the process of transforming food, helping the body to absorb nutrients. To perform this important function, it relies on the action of various bodies.
In order to reinforce your knowledge about the Digestive System, we have prepared 5 new exercises and present them below.
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1. The Digestive System is formed by several organs that act in the food transformation process. Each of these organs has a series of actions that aid digestion. The mouth is considered the beginning of the whole process and where the salivary glands are produced.
The salivary glands act in the digestive system, developing the following function:
a) Lubricating the digestive tube.
b) Releasing substances that allow the identification of flavors.
c) Diluting harmful substances in food so that they do not reach the digestive tract.
d) Softening food for entry into the digestive tube.
e) Neutralizing the action of acidic foods and helping the gastric juice.
Correct answer: d) Softening the food for entry into the digestive tube.
The salivary glands are responsible for the production of saliva, aiding in mastication by softening food and facilitating its entry into the digestive tube. In addition, the saliva produced by the salivary glands lubricates food particles, acts with antibiotic action and eliminates some germs.
The other answers are wrong because the saliva produced by the salivary glands lubricates the oral mucosa and not the digestive tube. Flavor identification is done by the tongue and does not interfere with the digestive system. Finally, saliva does not have the power to reduce the risk of harmful substances to the body, nor does it neutralize the taste of food.
2. The esophagus is one of the organs that act in the digestive system connecting the pharynx to the stomach.
Considering its role in the digestion process, mark the alternative that indicates how the esophagus works.
a) Through the release of acids.
b) Through peristaltic movements.
c) Through the sphincter that remains open.
d) Through the action of food diluting enzymes.
e) Through the partial release of space for the passage of food.
Correct answer: b) Through peristaltic movements
The movement performed by the esophagus is known as peristaltic, which corresponds to waves of contractions. The muscular esophageal duct squeezes the incoming bolus and pushes it toward the stomach.
The other alternatives are wrong as the release of acids takes place in the stomach. As for the sphincter, when it is open, it is considered a characteristic of gastroesophageal reflux, that is, when food returns from the stomach to the esophagus.
Alternative d) is wrong as the esophagus does not produce any type of enzyme. Finally, the esophagus does not partially release its space, it makes the necessary opening for the passage of food, since it is a muscular conduit.
3. Bile is a liquid fluid produced by the liver to aid in the digestion of food. To perform this function, bile consists of the following elements:
a) Mineral salts and gastric juice.
b) Sodium bicarbonate and mineral salts.
c) Bile salts and gastric juice.
d) Glucose and bile salts.
e) Sodium bicarbonate and bile salts.
Correct answer: e) Sodium bicarbonate and bile salts.
The action of bicarbonate and bile salts help emulsify lipids, that is, ingested fats and break them down into thousands of micro droplets.
The other alternatives are wrong because mineral salts and glucose are not part of bile. Gastric juice is produced by the stomach.
4. The stomach is the organ responsible for digesting proteins and, for this, it works together with other organs of the digestive system. One of the main actions of the stomach is the production of gastric juice, which is composed of a potent enzyme, pepsin.
Gastric juice is produced in the stomach when:
a) The gastric mucosa undergoes loss of nutrients.
b) Lipids are diluted by substances produced by the esophagus.
c) Food is present in the stomach.
d) Salivary glands release hydrochloric acid.
e) Food starts its way to the stomach.
Correct answer: c) Food is present in the stomach.
The stomach is responsible for the production of hydrochloric acid, which is activated at the moment of chewing. When food enters the stomach, gastric juice is produced. Composed of water, salts, enzymes and hydrochloric acid, it is highly corrosive and, as protection, the gastric mucosa is lined with a layer of mucus.
5. The Digestive System is divided into two parts, one being the digestive tube and the other the adjacent organs. The digestive tube is in turn divided into three parts: high, medium and low.
Tick the alternative that indicates which organs make up the digestive tube.
a) Pharynx, larynx, lung, pancreas and liver.
b) Mouth, larynx, pharynx, gallbladder and appendix.
c) Stomach, small intestine, liver and kidney.
d) Larynx, stomach, lung, kidney and liver.
e) Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine.
Correct answer: e) Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine.
The digestive tube is divided into the upper part, composed of the mouth, pharynx and esophagus; the middle, formed by the stomach and small intestine; and lower, formed by the large intestine.
The larynx and lung are part of the Respiratory System. The pancreas and gallbladder are part of the digestive system, but they are considered to be adjacent organs and not the digestive tube.
The liver is a gland, the largest in the human body, and has both endocrine and exocrine functions. The kidney is one of the organs of the urinary system.
Learn more about this topic:
- Spittle
- Stomach
- Digestive system
- Digestion
- Organs of the human body
