Test your knowledge of the endocrine system with 10 questions Next. Check out the comments after the feedback to get your questions answered.
question 1
The endocrine system can be defined as
a) a set of glands that alone are responsible for regulating the body's internal cycles.
b) a set of glands capable of producing and secreting hormones and neurons.
c) a set of glands responsible for the production, replacement and modification of neurons.
d) a set of glands responsible for the production of hormones that influence the body's functions.
Correct alternative: d) a set of glands responsible for the production of hormones that influence the body's functions.
a) WRONG. The endocrine system works in conjunction with the nervous system to regulate the body's functions.
b) WRONG. Neurons are cells in the nervous system.
c) WRONG. The glands of the endocrine system are responsible for producing hormones.
d) CORRECT. The endocrine system is made up of endocrine glands, which release their products into the bloodstream.
question 2
Glands are structures responsible for the production and release of substances. The basic types of glands are endocrine and exocrine, which are distinguished by the place where they release their products since
a) endocrine glands release substances at acidic pH locations and exocrine glands release at basic pH locations.
b) the endocrine glands release substances only where they are produced and the exocrine glands reach more distant regions in the body.
c) the endocrine glands release substances into the extracellular environment and the exocrine glands release into the intracellular environment.
d) the endocrine glands release substances into the bloodstream and the exocrine glands release into ducts.
Correct alternative: d) the endocrine glands release substances into the bloodstream and the exocrine glands release into ducts.
The endocrine glands are called the internal secretion glands, as their products are released directly into the bloodstream.
Exocrine glands, on the other hand, are externally secreted, as they release substances into ducts in organ cavities or out of the body, such as mammary, sweat and sebaceous glands.
Learn more about endocrine glands.
question 3
About hormones, it is correct to state that
a) They are cells of the endocrine system
b) They are chemical substances produced by the endocrine glands
c) They are free structures that remain in the bloodstream to maintain balance
d) They are receptors of stimuli that activate responses in the body.
Correct alternative: b) These are chemical substances produced by the endocrine glands.
The word “hormone” is of Greek origin and means movement or stimulus. Hormones are chemicals produced by glands in the endocrine system and released into the bloodstream.
These substances are able to locate specific cells, called target cells, to act in functions such as metabolism, growth and sexuality.
Learn more about hormones.
question 4
Physiology is the part of Biology dedicated to the study of the functioning of the human body. Today, it is known that there is an important integration between the endocrine system and the nervous system. The nervous system sends information to the endocrine system, which acts by regulating the body's response to this information.
For example, in stressful situations, the nervous system receives signals and sends them to the adrenal glands to release the hormone into the bloodstream.
a) Cortisol
b) Antidiuretic
c) Thyroxine
d) Parathormone
Alternative: a) Cortisol.
Cortisol is known as the stress hormone, because when we are subjected to stressful situations, this hormone is produced in greater amounts and released into the bloodstream.
This hormone is produced by the adrenal glands, located above the kidneys, and helps the body manage stress. However, the exaggerated release of this hormone in those suffering from chronic stress, for example, can negatively influence the organism, such as affecting the defense cells and the storage of fat.
Learn more about adrenal glands.
question 5
Correctly relate the hormone in column I with the gland responsible for its production in column II.
| Hormone | Gland |
| I. growth hormone/somatotrophin | ( ) Thyroid |
| II. Antidiuretic (ADH) | ( ) Adrenals |
| III. Thyroxine/tetraiodothyronine (T4) | ( ) Testicles |
| IV. parathormone | ( ) Pancreas |
| V. Adrenaline | ( ) Hypothalamus |
| SAW. Insulin | ( ) Ovaries |
| VII. estrogen | ( ) Parathyroids |
| VIII. Testosterone | ( ) Hypophysis |
The correct sequence is:
a) II; SAW; VIII; V; III; VII; I; IV
b) IV; II; VIII; I; V; VII; III; SAW
c) III; V; VIII; SAW; II; VII; IV; I
d) I; V; VII; IV; II; VIII; SAW; III
Correct alternative: c) III; V; VIII; SAW; II; VII; IV; I.
O growing hormone is produced by the gland hypophysis and acts on the growth of human beings.
the hormone antidiuretic is produced by the gland hypothalamus and acts on the kidneys.
the hormone thyroxine or tetraiodothyronine (T4) is produced by the gland thyroid and one of its functions is the regulation of metabolism.
the hormone parathormone is produced by the glands parathyroids and act in the regulation of calcium in the blood.
the hormone adrenaline is produced by the glands adrenals and it works to prepare the body to react in times of tension and stress.
the hormone insulin is produced by pancreas and is responsible for controlling the glucose rate.
the hormone estrogen is produced in the ovaries in the female reproductive system and is responsible for the development of sexual characteristics in women.
the hormone testosterone is produced in the testicles in the male reproductive system and is responsible for the development of sexual characteristics in men.
Learn more about glands of the human body.
question 6
Consider the following statements related to the human endocrine system.
I. The neurohypophysis, also known as the pituitary gland, stores and releases antidiuretic hormones and oxytocin.
II. The thyroid gland, one of the largest in the human body, produces the hormones triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4) and calcitonin.
III. The pancreas is a mixed gland and its endocrine function produces the hormones insulin and glucagon.
IV. The adrenal glands produce the hormones adrenaline and norepinephrine, which work together.
The statements are correct:
a) I and II
b) II and III
c) I, II and III
d) All alternatives
Correct alternative: c) I, II and III.
I. CORRECT The pituitary is considered the master gland of the body and the neurohypophysis produces the hormones. antidiuretic, which stimulates water reabsorption in the kidneys, and oxytocin, which acts to stimulate the musculature of the uterus.
II. CORRECT T3 and T4 are hormones that act on cell metabolism, while calcitonin regulates calcium levels.
III. CORRECT The pancreas is a mixed gland as it produces digestive hormones and enzymes. Insulin works to lower blood glucose levels and glucagon stimulates the release of glucose.
IV. WRONG. The hormones adrenaline and norepinephrine act independently. While adrenaline acts on the defense mechanism, norepinephrine is related to reasoning and emotions.
question 7
The endocrine system is made up of endocrine glands, which produce and release hormones. Dysfunction in some of these structures can lead to related diseases, for example, excess or deficiency in hormone secretion.
Tick the alternative that presents endocrine disorders.
a) Night blindness, acromegaly and whooping cough
b) hypothyroidism, diabetes and dwarfism
c) Acromegaly, dwarfism and night blindness
d) Diabetes, whooping cough and hypothyroidism
Correct alternative: b) hypothyroidism, diabetes and dwarfism.
These are endocrine diseases:
Hypothyroidism corresponds to the low activity of the thyroid gland, causing it to produce thyroid hormones inappropriately.
Diabetes is a disease caused by high blood glucose levels when insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas, does not have enough production.
Dwarfism is caused by a deficiency in the production of growth hormone by the pituitary gland.
Acromegaly is a disease caused by overproduction of growth hormone.
They are not endocrine diseases:
Night blindness can be caused by vitamin A deficiency and pertussis is a disease caused by the bacteria Bordetella pertussis.
question 8
(UFC) The moment of the entrance exam, without a doubt, causes in the candidates a mixture of sensations such as pleasure, for being close to the long-awaited approval; emotion, for experiencing a great choice, and fear of making a mistake when answering the questions. These sensations stimulate the nervous system, causing tachycardia and increased respiratory rate. Check the alternative that shows the gland that was stimulated and the hormone produced as a result of the sensations mentioned in the text.
a) Adrenal and adrenaline
b) Thyroid and adrenaline
c) Thyroid and calcitonin
d) Pituitary and adrenaline
e) Pineal and melatonin
Correct alternative: a) Suprarenal and adrenaline.
The adrenaline hormone is produced by the adrenal glands and is released when we are under strong emotions to prepare the organism, as a defense mechanism, stimulating it to react more fast.
Tachycardia, increased respiratory rate, sweating and involuntary tremors are examples of reactions these hormones cause.
Learn more about adrenaline.
question 9
(UFRN) In less than an hour, Magali had a liter of chocolate ice cream. Her mother scolded her and forbade her to eat ice cream for a month. Angry, Magali decided to go on hunger strike and spent the next day without eating. Explain how the hormones in the pancreas acted to keep the blood glucose concentration at constant levels when Magali:
a) she consumed the ice cream.
Answer: Insulin is the hormone produced by the pancreas to lower blood glucose levels by consuming high carbohydrates.
b) went on a hunger strike.
Answer: As glucose is stored in the liver in the form of glycogen, going through the day without feeding the hormone glucagon was produced in greater quantity to stimulate the liver to break down glycogen and release glucose into the body to provide energy for Magali.
Learn more about insulin it's the glucagon.
question 10
(Enem) The contraceptive pill is one of the most secure contraceptive methods, consisting basically of two synthetic hormones similar to hormones produced by the female body, estrogen (E) and progesterone (P). In a medical experiment, the blood of a woman who had been ingesting one pill of this drug a day for six months was analyzed.
Which graph represents the blood concentration of these hormones over the period of the experiment?
Correct alternative: a).
By continuously ingesting contraceptives, hormone levels are kept constant, not observing hormonal variations as they are consumed by the body.
The graph of the letter a is correct as the hormones are at the same level.
Get more knowledge with the contents:
- endocrine system
- human body systems
- Organs of the human body
