Correct alternative: e) could have written.
The fact that the sentence to be filled in refers last 30 seconds (last 30 seconds) indicates that there is a reference to something in the past.
With this, alternative a) is automatically discarded since it is conjugated in the Present Continuous, this verb used to indicate actions in progress at the present time.
In alternative b), we have an inflection of the Present Perfect (have written). the verb form have is used with personal pronouns I, you, we and they. However, the word someone (someone) corresponds to the third person singular and consequently to the pronouns he/she/it.
the inflection of the verb I have used with he/she/it é has.
The letter c) in turn, indicates a verb form used to indicate past habits: used to.
The use of used to write (used to write) doesn't make sense. When opting for this alternative, we would have the following sentence:
Let me check Facebook again. Someone used to write something in the last 30 seconds. (Let me check Facebook again. Someone used to write something in the last 30 seconds.)
Let us then proceed to the analysis of alternative d), which uses the modal verb might.
Might it is a modal verb used to indicate the possibility that something might happen.
However, the use of might write leaves the sentence meaningless:
Let me check Facebook again. Someone might write something in the last 30 seconds. (Let me check Facebook again. Can anyone write something in the last 30 seconds.)
For the sentence to be correct, we should have might have written (may have written) as an option.
Finally, in alternative e) the modal could (past of the verb can) + main verb (to write) at the Present Perfect, which is a verb tense used to refer to actions that are still happening or that have been completed recently.
In the sentence, the girl says that she will check the Facebook again and refers to the occurrence of an action in the last 30 seconds, that is, an action that was recently completed.
Therefore, the use of Simple Present is adequate and the modal verb could complements the sense:
Let me check Facebook again. Someone could have written something in the last 30 seconds. (Let me check Facebook again. Someone may have written something in the last 30 seconds.)
Correct alternative: c) Studies – was going to – could – grow up
Observe the analysis of each of the alternatives:
I. The first sentence means "John studies engineering at my university".
There is no time indication in the sentence and for that reason we could use all available options: "is studying", "studied" and "studies".
II. The translation of the second sentence is "Helene is going to live in London last year."
Here there is clearly a problem between the tense used and the moment when the action takes place.
In order for the sentence to be corrected, it is necessary to use a past tense verb. Therefore, we could use either "went to" (simple past from the verb "to go") or "was going to" (Past continuous from the verb "to go".)
So far, only alternatives a), c) and d) are still valid.
III. In the third sentence, the identification of the correct option takes place through meanings.
There are two options: "cannot" and "could". See how the phrase looks like with each of these options.
- Peter wishes he could read more this month. (Pedro wishes he could read more this month.)
- Peter wishes he cannot read more this month. (Pedro wishes he couldn't read any more this month.)
The phrase with "cannot" is meaningless, so the correct option is "could".
IV. As in sentence II, there is a problem between the tense used and the moment the action takes place.
The meaning of the phrase is: When I grew up, I want to be a jazz singer.
Instead of "grew up" we should have "grow up".
Therefore, and taking into account the previous sentences, alternative c) is correct.
Correct alternative: d) drinks
The sentence that needs to be filled in expresses a usual action by Carlos. See the translation:
When Carlos has a headache, he ___________ tea.
When we refer to the usual actions of the present, as in the case of the sentence above, we use the Simple Present (simple present).
"Drinks" is the Simple Present inflection of the verb "to drink".
Correct alternative: c) sit
"last week" indicates a past tense and taking into account the message of the sentence, the verb to be used to fill it must also be conjugated in the past tense.
"Sent" is the inflection of Simple Past (simple past) to the verb "to send".
This is the only alternative available that indicates past tense.
Understand why the other alternatives are not suitable.
a) "Sends" is an inflection of the Simple Present (simple present) of the verb "to send".
b) "Send" is an inflection of the Simple Present (simple present) of the verb "to send".
d) "Sending" is an inflection of the Present Continuous (present continuous) of the verb "to send".
e) "To send" is an infinitive form and means (to send).
Correct alternative: a) stand - feel
The inflections "stood" and "feel" are inflections of irregular verbs.
For this reason, none of them follow the general model of inflections in the past where "-ed" is added after the verb termination.
"Stood" is the Simple Past inflection of the verb "to stand" and "felt" is the Simple Past inflection of the verb "to feel".
Correct alternative: e) lied
The first part of the sentence says "She didn't tell me the truth." There is a past reference expressed through the use of the helper "did".
Therefore, in order for the sentence to be filled in to make sense, and taking into account the available response options, the alternative The correct one must use an inflection of the verb "to lie" and "lied" is the inflection of "Simple Past" (simple past) of the verb "to lie".
The translation of the filled string is: She didn't tell me the truth. Is it over there lied for me.
Understand why the other alternatives cannot be used:
The alternative "a) lie" has a conjugated verb in Simple Present.
"To lie" can mean "lying" or "to lie down".
This alternative cannot be used because in addition to the tense not fitting the sentence, the conjugation for the third person singular ("she") would have to be "lies".
The alternative "b) lain" presents the inflection of "Past Participle" (past participle) of "lie", which means "to lie down".
The alternative "c) laid is the inflection of "Simple Past" and "Past Participle" of "to lay", which means "to lay" (someone) or "to put" (something in somewhere).
The alternative "d) lay" presents a conjugated verb in Simple Present.
"To lay" can mean "to lay down" (someone) or "to lay" (something somewhere).
This alternative cannot be used because in addition to the verb tense not fitting the sentence, the conjugation for the third person singular ("she") would have to be "lays".
Correct alternative: e) have changed
The correct alternative is conjugated in the Present Perfect (perfect present).
Present Perfect is a tense that does not have a correspondent in the Portuguese language.
One of the uses of this verb tense aims to indicate actions that started in the past and extend to the present, and that is exactly what happens in the sentence.
Note that the word "since" (since) is already an indication that there is a reference to something from the past that is still happening.
The alternative "c) has changed" is also conjugated in the Present Perfect, however, it is inflected in the third person singular (he/she/it).
The subject of the sentence is "things" and corresponds to the personal pronoun "they". Therefore, the Present Perfect inflection to be used is "have changed" and not "has changed".
"Things have changed a lot since October" means "Things have changed a lot since October."
Correct alternative: b) won
Note that the phrase refers to a past time that is expressed through the words "last year".
Therefore, the verb to be used to fill the sentence needs to be conjugated in the past as well.
Of all the alternatives, the only one that has a past tense is the letter b). "Won" is the inflection of Simple Past (simple past) of "to win"; win).
The options "a) win" and "c) wins have inflected forms in Simple Present.
The alternative "d) to win" has the infinitive verb (to win; win).
Already the alternative "e) winning is conjugated in Present Continuous (continuous present).
Correct alternative: b) spent – left – knew
The verbs "to spend" (to spend; pass), "to leave"; to let) and "to know" are irregular verbs.
For this reason, the conjugation of none of these verbs in Simple Past Tense (simple past tense) follows the general model of past inflections where "-ed" is added at the end of the verb.
The letter b) shows the inflections of Simple Past (simple past) of the verbs in question.
Correct alternative: c) studied
Through the use of last year (last year), the phrase indicates that an action was started and completed in a past time. In this case, the Simple Past (simple past).
The verb to study (send) is a regular verb and therefore its inflections of Simple Past end with -ed. However, as it is a verb that ends in a consonant + y, we must replace the y fur i and then yes, add -ed to form the bending of the past (study > Studied).
Understand why the other alternatives are not suitable.
a) "Studies" is an inflection of the Simple Present (simple present) of the verb "to study".
b) "Study" is an inflection of the Simple Present (simple present) of the verb "to study".
d) "Studying" is an inflection of the Present Continuous (present continuous) of the verb "to study".
e) "To study" is an infinitive form and means (to study).
Correct alternative: b) went
Note that the phrase refers to a past tense which is expressed through the words "last week".
Therefore, the verb to be used to fill the sentence needs to be conjugated in the past as well.
Of all the alternatives, the only one that has a past tense is the letter b). "Went" is the inflection of Simple Past (simple past) of "to go".
The options "a) go" and "c) goes" present inflected forms in Simple Present.
The alternative "d) to go has the infinitive verb (ir).
The alternative "e) going is combined in the Present Continuous (continuous present).
