pay, also known as Patricia Galvão, she was a Brazilian artist who had links with the modernist movement. She was recognized for numerous works in the fields of art, producing illustrations and cartoons, writing poems and novels, working in the theater, and was a journalist. had a link with the communism and was arrested 23 times.
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Birth
PatriciaRehderGalvão was born on June 9, 1910, in the city of São João da Boa Vista, in the interior of the state of Sao Paulo. She belonged to an upper middle class family, and her parents were called Thiers Galvão de França and Adélia Rehder. When she was just two years old, Pagu's family decided to move to the city of São Paulo.
![São João da Boa Vista, a city in the interior of São Paulo where Pagu was born in 1910.[1]](/f/98b6d51b8e84e08cff07708e69d2c12b.jpg)
In São Paulo, she got her first job, and, like her father, she dedicated herself to journalism, although throughout her life she has also been deeply dedicated to the arts. That
first job was at BrazilNewspaper, and she wrote with the pseudonym patsy. Her family, however, called her Zaza.Participation in modernism
Pagu was recorded in Brazilian history as one of the big names of modernism, an artistic movement that manifested itself in several artistic fields and that sought to break with current traditions in the arts. This was one of the most important artistic movements in Brazilian history and had enormous weight in the 1920s and 1930s.
Pagu's involvement with the movement took place in the late 1920s, When raulbopp, a poet she knew, introduced her to great names in modernism. Pagu came especially close to Oswald de Andrade and Tarsila do Amaral, at the time married. In 1929, she started to publish some of her drawings for the magazine Anthropophagy.
![Pagu was one of the great names of the modernist movement and produced illustrations, cartoons, poems and novels throughout his life.[2]](/f/157a410be713668b61f993281ff03bfb.jpg)
O surname what she was known for, Pagu, was work by your friend Raul Bopp. In 1928, he created a poem called “O coco de Pagu” as a tribute to the young woman. However, the nickname came from a mistake made by Bopp, who believed her name was Patricia Goulart. Despite this, the nickname was used to refer to her for many years.
In 1930, the Pagu's proximity to Oswald de Andrade resulted in their marriage, a fact that biographers point to as a major scandal for modernist circles. It is believed that, before they got married, Oswald and Pagu were already lovers, and in order to marry the girl, he had to put an end to his marriage to Tarsila do Amaral.
The wedding ceremony was quite unusual and took place at Consolação Cemetery, near a tomb that belonged to the groom's family. At that time, Pagu was pregnant with a child with Oswald, called Rudá Poronominare Galvão de Andrade, who was born on September 25, 1930.
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political activism
Soon after getting married, Pagu and Oswald de Andrade joined the Brazilian Communist Party (PCB) and became quite politically engaged. Both decided to join the PCB after having a meet with Luís Carlos Prestes, leading communist in the early 1930s. This meeting took place in Uruguay, since Prestes was in exile.
Pagu's involvement with communism made her very not interestedthe situation of the workers, and, in 1931, she participated in the organizing a dockers' strike in Santos, the city where she resided with her husband. This strike was marked by a violent confrontation between the workers and the police, which resulted in the first prison of Pagu.
This made her the first female activist to be arrested in Brazil since the country conquered its independence in 1822. Her involvement in the strike earned her criticism from the PCB, an early sign of the troubled relationship she would have with the party. Still in 1931, she and her husband launched the magazine the man of the people.
It was a worker-oriented publication that had the immense involvement of Pagu, who produced illustrations, the titles of publications, etc. She used pseudonyms for her publications, such as Sister Paula and K. B. Luda. The magazine had short circulation and published only eight volumes because the government of Getúlio Vargas ordered its closure.
In all, Pagu was arrested 23 times. The political police, which monitored opposition groups in Brazil, increased their harassment of the artist after she published Parkindustrial, in 1933. This is considered one of the first proletarian novels in Brazilian history and was published after she got out of prison. THE persecutiongivespolice caused her to abandon Brazil for a period.
During this trip, she passed through the United States, Japan and China. The trips were for work, and Pagu did the journalistic coverage for several newspapers in Brazil. During this period, she covered the coronation of Pu-Yi, the puppet emperor crowned in Manchuria by the Japanese.
she also met Sigmund Freud, passed by Soviet Union and she went to France, studying for a period at the Sorbonne and joining the French Communist Party. At France she was discovered with documentsfake and ended up being deported to Brazil, in 1935. Back in Brazil, she separated from Oswald de Andrade due to her husband's betrayals.
Still in 1935, the Communist intent — armed uprising organized by the communists in three large Brazilian cities — started a strong repression against the communists in the government of Getúlio Vargas. Because of this, Pagu was prey, torturedand remained in jail for five years.
Accessalso: Chinese Revolution, the event that turned China into a socialist nation
Last years
After she got out of prison in 1940, Pagu broke with the PCB and took a stand Trotskyist (the PCB at the time was Stalinist). The period in prison left emotional consequences for Pagu, who had to deal with the depression. In this decade she resumed her work as a journalist, working in a publication called Vanguardsocialist and being a correspondent for France-Presse in Brazil.
At this stage of her life, she met Geraldo Ferraz, whom she married in 1941. In the same year, her second child was born, GeraldoGalvãoFerraz, and she took care of her two children. Despite the birth of his second child and his work as a journalist, Pagu did not abandon the arts and continued to publish poems and novels.
In the 1950s, she tried to get into politics running for state deputy for the Socialist Party, but failed. At the same time, she became she dedicated to ttheater, studying at the São Paulo School of Dramatic Art and producing some theatrical shows. She even coordinated the Teatro Universitário Santista.
In the 1960s, found out she was with lung cancer and changeorto Paris to have surgery that could free her from the disease. In France she continued her chemotherapy treatment, but there was no progress. During this period, Pagu tried to commit suicide, but her husband intervened in time.
In late 1962, she received the news that her cancer was at an irreversible stage and then returned to Brazil. Her death took place on December 12, 1962.
Main works
Pagu was recognized as a writer, journalist, designer, poet, translator, etc. Her contributions to art in Brazil were numerous, but among the works she produced, her novels stand out:
industrial park (1933)
The famous rit is seen (1945)
In addition, as we have seen, she produced numerous illustrations and cartoons for various publications throughout her life, wrote poems for different publications as well, translated foreign works, etc.
Image credits
[1] Luiz Giope and Shutterstock
[2] commons
By Daniel Neves
History teacher