After September 1822, when Brazil was proclaimed independent by the then PrinceRegent D. Pedro, followed a sequence of military and political conflicts in Brazil that aimed to lay the foundations of the new government, under the imperial regime. This new government was cemented by the Constitution of 1824, which legitimated D. Pedro as Emperor of Brazil (becoming then D. Peter I), giving him also control over the other constituted powers, through the PowerModerator.
The use of PowerModerator it was one of the aspects that turned the First Reign into a maelstrom of political crises. In possession of this power, D. Pedro I could nominate political positions, granting them lifelongness, relying on the first fruits of monarchical absolutism, which he irritated the liberal opposition, which faced him both in direct political activity and through the press, as was the case with the newspaper AuroraFluminense.
At the same time, the wear and tear that the armyimperial he suffered, smothering revolts and fighting battles from which he left humiliated, as was the case with those fought in the
Cisplatin War, in which Uruguay, with the help of Argentina, would emerge victorious and independent, ended up deepening the crisis of the First Reign. Added to this is the fact that, in 1829, the financial crisis that the country was suffering reached its peak, causing the devaluation of the national currency and the closing of the Bankof Brazil.The European scene had also shown signs of a new turnaround. In 1826, D. João VI died, and this generated a new tension in Brazil, given that D. Peter I was the dead king's heir. Furthermore, in 1830, the king Carlos X, of France has its government interrupted, being instituted in this country the June Monarchy, of liberal tendencies, which further threatened the interests of the absolutist-oriented monarchists, who chorused with the government of Pedro I.
In the midst of these tensions, D. Pedro I decides to pay a visit to the liberals of Minas Gerais, in 1831. I did not receive well in this province, and then, when I return to Rio de Janeiro, the Portuguese who resided in this city and were its supporters, they held a party with lamps to receive the emperor. The Brazilians, discontented, began to break the windows of the Portuguese. The latter retaliated by throwing bottles at the former, thus constituting the episode known as Bottled Night.
In the midst of all this, D. Pedro I decides to abdicate the throne on April 7, 1831, in favor of his son, D. Pedro de Alcantara. On his abdication note is written: "Using the right that the Constitution grants me, I declare that, I have very voluntarily abdicated in the person of my much loved and dear son, Mr. D. Pedro de Alcantara. Boa Vista, April 7th, one thousand eight hundred and thirty-one, tenth of Independence and the Empire. Peter."
By Me. Cláudio Fernandes
Source: Brazil School - https://brasilescola.uol.com.br/historiab/abdicacao-dom-pedro-i.htm