• Past perfect tense and its derivatives
The tense perfect tense is a primitive tense, used to refer to facts that began in the past and have already been concluded. Ex.
I walked
you walked
he walked
We walking
you walked
they walked
From the past perfect come the more-than-perfect tense of the indicative, the future of the subjunctive and the imperfect past tense of the subjunctive. Such derivatives are formed by the theme of the perfect past tense, which is obtained by conjugating this tense in the 2nd person singular (tu) and eliminating the ending – ste. Ex.
you walked -you walk
you drank - you baby
you left - you left
The endings referring to each of the three derived tenses are added to the verb, such as:
More-than-perfect tense tense -ra, -ras, -branches, -kings, -ram
Future of the subjunctive -r, -res, -r, -rmos, -rdes, -rem
Imperfect past tense of the subjunctive -sse, -sses, -sse, -ssemos, -seis, -ssem
• Impersonal Infinitive and its Derivatives
Impersonal infinitive is one that does not refer to any grammatical person being the verb name itself. Ex.
Living is the great adventure.
Three derived times are obtained:
Future present tense -ei, -ace, -á, -emos, -eis, -ào
Future of past tense -ia, -ias, -ia, -ias, -ieis, -iam
Personal infinitive #, -es, #, -mos, -des, -em
# indicates that, in the personal infinitive, there are no specific endings for the 1st and 3rd person singular.
• Correlation between Verbal Tenses
Verbs normally establish correlations with each other, in order to adjust themselves properly with regard to the varied possibilities of using verb tenses and modes. Ex.
If they come back, me would stay happy.
correlation
Returned (imperfect subjunctive verb), expresses a hypothesis and demands the use of the would form (future verb of the past tense), which expresses a possible event, but conditioned to the occurrence of the fact contained in come back. This type of temporal articulation is called temporal correlation.
By Marina Cabral
Specialist in Portuguese Language and Literature
Brazil School Team
Grammar - Brazil School
Source: Brazil School - https://brasilescola.uol.com.br/gramatica/formacao-dos-tempos-verbais.htm
