In all, throughout the history of RepublicBrasileira, eight presidents were replaced by their respective vice presidents. The reasons for these replacements ranged from the death of the holders to lawsuits of impeachment. Next, we will see each of the circumstances and the vice presidents who took over the government in Brazil.
Floriano Peixoto (November 23, 1891 to November 15, 1894)
The first vice president to rise to power was exactly the first to be elected, shortly after the Proclamation of the Republic. floriano fish, Army marshal, was elected vice president in the same year as another marshal, Deodoro da Fonseca, was elected holder. It was the year 1891, the same year that the first Constitution republican. Under this Constitution, president and vice president were elected by separate ballots. There were, therefore, separate candidacies for each position.
In November 3, 1891, Deodoro, in order to try to control the economic and political crisis in which his government found itself, gave a
coup d'etat, dissolving the National Congress and ordering the arrest of deputies and senators. This coup resulted in a reaction from the armedBrazilian (military institution that preceded the Navy), which, under the command of Admiral Custódio de Melo, threatened to bomb the city of Rio de Janeiro (then the country's capital) with the cannons of its ships if Deodoro did not renounce the office. After 20 days of coup, Deodoro resigned and Floriano assumed the post.Nilo Peçanha (June 14, 1909 to November 15, 1910)
the election of Nilo Peçanha for the vice-presidency took place on March 1, 1906. The president elected at the time was AlphonsusFeather, one of the strong political leaders of the State of Minas Gerais at the time. Pena was expected to finish his term only on November 15, 1910, but he fell victim to pneumonia and died on June 14, 1909. Peçanha, as deputy, soon assumed the post of Pena and ended his term, but this was only possible because the latter had already served more than half of his term. The 1891 Constitution did not allow a vice president to complete the incumbent's tenure before that deadline. Below we will see such a case.
Delfim Moreira (November 15, 1918 to July 28, 1919)
the case of dolphinMoreira was very particular in the history of OldRepublic and compares with the case of Josephsarney, which we will see later. He was elected vice president in the second election of Rodrigues Alves, which took place on March 1, 1918. At that time, the inauguration of the elected was held on the day of the Proclamation of the Republic, on 15 November. Before his inauguration day, Alves contracted tuberculosis, a disease whose treatment was extremely difficult at that time. When the day of inauguration arrived, Delfim Moreira assumed the command of the country on an interim basis, that is, he was not sworn in either as holder or vice president. After the death of Rodrigues Alves, on January 16 of the following year, Moreira continued as an interim until new elections were held that year.
Café Filho (August 24, 1954 to November 8, 1955)
coffee sonhe had to assume the presidency of the Republic after the most tragically impacting political event in the history of Brazil: the suicide of Getúlio Vargas, in 1954. linked to PSP (BrokenSocialProgressive), in Adhemarinclays, the name Café Filho was practically imposed as a vice candidate for the old Rio Grande do Sul politician (Vargas) in the 1950 elections. Vargas and Café Filho were elected and took office on January 31, 1951.
Over the first three years of his term, Vargas sought to govern using a populist strategy and labor, suffering fierce opposition from the liberal-conservative politicians of the time, who were concentrated on UDN (UnitydemocraticNational). This political party tried to carry out an impeachment process against Vargas in the first half of 1954, but without success. However, on August 5 of that same year, the main leader of the UDN, Carloslacerda, was shot at in Rua Tonelero, in Rio de Janeiro. Lacerda was wounded in the foot, but the Air Force colonel, Rubens Florentino Vaz, who was with Lacerda, died.
The author of the attack was Alcino João do Nascimento, who, in turn, was hired by climaxEuribes de Almeida, a member of Vargas' personal guard, headed by GregoryFortune. The blame for the elaboration of the crime was attributed to the latter and, by extension, also to Vargas. Café Filho suggested to Vargas that they both resign in order to dissipate the crisis that had set in. However, Vargas declined the idea after being warned by the then minister Tancredosnows that Café Filho might be planning a coup. The crisis became wider and wider, and Vargas, resisting all external attacks, committed suicide by shooting himself in the heart, in the Palácio do Catete, on 25 August. After this tragic outcome, Café Filho assumed the post and completed his term.
João Goulart (September 7, 1961 to April 1, 1964)
the gaucho João Goulart, or Jango, was vice-president of Brazil twice consecutively. The first took place in the 1955 elections, of which juscelinoKubitschekcame out victorious. The second, in the 1961 elections, which led JanioFrames to the presidency.
The government of Jânio Quadros was one of the most controversial in the history of Brazil. To coordinate contrary political trends, Jânio promoted moralistic policies, such as the prohibition of the use of bikinis on the beaches, on the one hand, and, on the other, decorated the greatest symbol of the revolutionary left in America Latin, Ernesto “Che” Guevara, with the Order of the Southern Cross.
Such contradictions, little by little, made the government of Jânio unviable. The opposition, also led by the great name of the UDN, Carlos Lacerda, accused Jânio of planning a coup against the institutions. Faced with the political pressure that entangled him, Jânio resigned from his post on August 25, 1961. João Goulart, who was in China at the time, was almost prevented from returning to the country and assuming the presidency by military personnel who rejected his progressive political tendencies. The inauguration was eventually carried out after Jango agreed to take office under the presidential parliamentary regime.
José Sarney (March 15, 1985 to March 15, 1990)
José Sarney he was the first vice president elected after the military governments. He was indirectly elected by the National Congress on the same occasion that Tancredo Neves was elected president. Similar to the case of Rodrigues Alves, Tancredo fell ill, victim of a benign abdominal leiomyoma, who was not properly treated, and could not take office on March 15, 1985. Tancredo only agreed to treat his illness one day before the inauguration day, after having received it from his cousin and also a politician, Francisco Oswaldo Neves Dornelles, that the military would transition power to Vice President José Sarney.
Sarney took office on the 15th, and Tancredo, not resisting the complications of the illness, died on the 21st of April.
Itamar Franco (December 29, 1992 to January 1, 1995)
Itamar Francohe was the first vice president to be directly elected by popular vote after the 1988 Constitution made the first direct election for president of the Republic possible. Franco was elected on the ticket ofFernando Collor, after facing with this two rounds, held on November 15th and December 17th, 1989.
However, Collor's government gradually revealed major financial complications arising from the plans of his economic team. In addition, the corruption scandal involving the treasurer of his campaign ended up also affecting the president, which enabled the opposition to file a request for impeachment in Congress. It was the beginning of end of the Collor Government.
Collor was tried on December 29, 1992. Even though he presented a letter of resignation to the Senate floor, the process continued and he was unable to exercise public functions for eight years. Itamar Franco assumed the presidency on the 29th and completed his term, which lasted until January 1, 1995.
Michel Temer (31 August 2016 to date)
Similar to Itamar Franco, MichelTo fear arrived at the presidency of the republic after the incumbent president, Dilma Rousseff, had undergone a process of impeachment. However, the context of the case against Dilma had very different proportions from the case against Collor, which can be consulted at this link: Dilma Rousseff's Impeachment. The fact is that Dilma lost her mandate on August 31, 2016, but her political rights are preserved, as well as being qualified to exercise public functions.
Temer took office on the same day and is expected to govern until January 1, 2018.
* Image credits: Federal Senate Agency
By Me. Cláudio Fernandes
Source: Brazil School - https://brasilescola.uol.com.br/historiab/vice-presidentes-que-assumiram-governo-no-brasil.htm
