Globalization is a phenomenon characterized by the intensification of economic, commercial and cultural relations between countries, where the constant technological innovations in the areas of transport and telecommunications are able to reduce distances and transcend borders nationals.
If we look for a starting point for the globalization process, we can highlight the advent of the Great Navigations, when there was an increase in trade between the most different parts of the globe. This historic milestone was followed by a need to increase the scale of production, which culminated in the Industrial Revolution during the 18th and 19th centuries. During this period, changes in the production structure gradually replaced artisanal work and the manufacturing, mainly with the introduction of the steam engine and later the use of energy electric.
In the 20th century, the expansion of financial markets and transnational companies corresponded to the most relevant event regarding the expansion of capital and goods flows in the world globalized. From the 1950s onwards, transnational companies began to direct their branches to underdeveloped countries and, in a short time, they came to dominate international trade.
The more these companies grew, expanding their markets, they needed more technological investments and the application of new production methods. These methods have established greater flexibility in product innovation and manufacturing systems in order to serve markets consumers from different locations and make the best use of space, raw materials and the hand of constructions. The transport sector had to adapt to new demands to ensure an efficient and safe distribution of goods.
The set of technological changes that took place from the 1970s onwards became known as the Technical-Scientific Revolution. In addition to changing the structure of production and marketing, these transformations introduced discoveries that led to the current model of telecommunications. Among these discoveries, we can identify robotics, microelectronics and satellites. The Technical-Scientific Revolution contributed to the development of products that we use in our daily lives such as microcomputers, smartphones and tablets, responsible for accessing social networks and transmitting a large amount of information in real time. These tools also determined the integration of stock exchanges around the world and allowed a dynamic and constant flow of information, capital and goods.
Currently, globalization is at a stage of advanced interactions between countries, which is evident in the cyclical crises of the capitalist system, which are increasingly reaching the most rapid nations. industrialized. Another striking fact is that countries considered to be emerging are starting to participate more actively in the world economic and financial system, since the insertion of these countries, until two decades ago, was limited to the periphery of world capitalism and the supply of raw material.
Julio César Lázaro da Silva
Brazil School Collaborator
Graduated in Geography from Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP
Master in Human Geography from Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP
Source: Brazil School - https://brasilescola.uol.com.br/geografia/processos-globa.htm