O golgiense complex, also called Golgi complex or Golgi apparatus, is a cell organelle that is related to the process of secretion of substances. It is a structure formed by several flattened vesicles, which are arranged forming a kind of vesicle stack. We will explore below some of the main features of the Golgi complex, as well as its functions in the cell eukaryote.
Read too:What is Cell Organelle?
Characteristics of the Golgi complex
The Golgi complex, the Golgi complex or the Golgi apparatus, was named after the first researcher who described this structure in the 19th century, Camillo Golgi. It is an organelle formed by a series of flattened vesicles, called cisterns, which have more dilated lateral portions. In these cisterns, which are arranged in the cell as a cell, there are different enzymes, which vary according to the position of the cistern in the complex.
The Golgi complex is a polarized structure, with two faces: the face cis and the face trans:
THE face cis, or formation face, is a convex surface and the site responsible for receiving the vesicles from the endoplasmic reticulum, being the closest place to the reticle. In it, the vesicles coming from the endoplasmic reticulum fuse its membrane and release its contents.
THE face trans, or maturation face, in turn, is the concave face and is responsible for generating vesicles that depart from the complex, going to other parts of the cell. It is also worth noting that, between the two sides, there are the so-called median or medial cisterns.
The number of cisterns present in a cell and the number of cells found in a cell vary widely from cell to cell. This organelle is well developed in cells specialized in secretion of substances, as is the case of goblet cells located in the intestine.
The golgiense complex cells have about 4 to 8 cisterns, however, in some organisms, such as unicellular flagellates, the complex can have up to 60 cisterns. |
Function of the Golgi complex
The golgiense complex is an organelle related to a series of important functions for the cell. Among the functions performed by the Golgi complex, we can mention:
Processing lipids and proteins;
Packaging and addressing of molecules synthesized in the cell;
Manufacture of macromolecules, such as non-cellulosic polysaccharides that are produced in this organelle in plant cells and incorporated into the cell wall;
The Golgi complex is responsible for originating the acrosome, a vesicle found in the heads of sperm which contains enzymes necessary for the penetration of this gamete in the secondary oocyte. The acrosome is essential for carrying out fertilization.
The Golgi complex is, in short, an organelle related to the production, processing, packaging and addressing of a series of substances inside the cell. |
Read too: Cell secretion and Golgi complex
How do substances move through the Golgi complex?
Previously, the Golgi complex was seen as a static structure. According to this view, the vesicles moved from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi complex, where they merged with the face. cis and released its contents. The products released in the complex underwent modifications and passed from one cistern to another through vesicles. On the face trans, the products were released into vesicles, which exited towards the cell surface (exocytosis) or other cell compartments.
Currently, it is considered that the Golgi complex is more complex and more dynamic of what was believed and that substances do not just move in the way described above. According to the current model, known as cistern maturation model, the cisterns also undergo a kind of maturation.
The vesicles move from the endoplasmic reticulum to the golgiense complex and fuse in the cisterns cis. The cistern then moves from the direction cis to the trans, modifying, during this process, the product found in its interior. Vesicles then form, which leave the Golgi complex, carrying the products to other places of secretion. In the cistern maturation model, it is also considered that some vesicles can be released and return to less mature regions. These vesicles are responsible for enzyme recycling.
By Ma. Vanessa Sardinha dos Santos
Source: Brazil School - https://brasilescola.uol.com.br/biologia/complexo-golgi.htm
