Globalization is a process in which different nations around the world are brought together. This approach may be related to a cultural, economic, political and/or social context.
One of the goals of globalization is to establish international integration between the markets of different countries.
According to the IMF (International Monetary Fund), globalization is divided into four basic aspects: trade and financial transactions, capital and investment movements, migration and movement of people and the dissemination of knowledge.
Below are some features that will help you learn more about globalization.
1. acculturation
The approximation between different countries in the world enables the acculturation of these nations.
Acculturation is a process of change that takes place in a society through contact with cultures different from its own. It is a phenomenon of social interaction that does not necessarily imply the overlapping of one culture over another.
Acculturation can also consist of mixing two or more cultures that together end up forming a new culture.
Brazil is an example of a society where acculturation took place, as it was formed through indigenous, European (especially Portuguese) and African cultures.
2. Creation of economic blocks
The union of different nations in order to establish a strengthened economic relationship between them gave rise to the creation of economic blocks.
An economic bloc is a group of countries with geographically close cultural and commercial affinities, which seek to strengthen trade among themselves.
The main world economic blocks are:
- APEC (Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation - Economic Cooperation of Asia and the Pacific): formed by the United States of America, Japan, China, Formosa Island (Taiwan), South Korea, Hong Kong (region administrative office of China), Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, Brunei, Philippines, Australia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Canada, Mexico, Russia, Peru, Vietnam and Chile.
- ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations - Association of Southeast Asian Nations): formed by Thailand, Philippines, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Brunei, Vietnam, Myanmar, Laos and Cambodia.
- CIS (Community of Independent States): formed by Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan.
- Andean Community of Nations: formed by Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Paraguay and Uruguay interact as associated countries. Mexico and Panama are observer countries.
- Mercosur: formed by Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay and Paraguay. Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Suriname and Guyana are associate members. Mexico and New Zealand are observer members.
- SADC (Southern Africa Development Community - Southern African Development Community): formed by South Africa, Angola, Botswana, Republic Democratic Republic of Congo, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Seychelles, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe.
- European Union: They are: Germany, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Croatia, Denmark, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Estonia, Finland, France, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands (Netherlands), Poland and Portugal.
- UMSCA (United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement – Agreement between the United States, Mexico and Canada). This economic block replaces the NAPHTHA (North American Free Trade Agreement - North American Free Trade Agreement).
- Benelux: formed by Belgium, Holland and Luxembourg.
know more about economic blocks, Mercosur, European Union and NAPHTHA.
3. Expansion of Capitalism
Some theories establish a direct relationship between the expansion of capitalism and globalization.
For economist Paul Singer, for example, globalization was one of the ways in which capitalism developed.
Economist Mário Murteira also argues that globalization is linked to a new form of capitalism, where the “market of knowledge” determines the evolution of the world economy.
Globalization in a way brought about a narrowing in the commercial relationship of some countries and this culminated in the increase in the spread of capitalism. An example of this is the increase in purchases of technology items such as smartphones, computers, etc.
See the meaning of capitalism.
4. Presence of multinationals
Multinationals are companies that have their headquarters in a certain country and branches in others.
The industry of some products, such as heavy machinery, is subdivided into branches; sometimes each part of a product is made in one country.
Globalization has resulted in a rapprochement between different countries and, as a result, has tightened trade relations between them.
Due to this approximation, there was a considerable expansion of multinationals and commerce began to have a greater number of companies competing with each other.
One of the benefits brought by this competitiveness was the fact that companies gained space in markets where they had no place before due to the monopoly of state-owned companies.
Globalization conquered the end of the monopoly and the privatization of several sectors.
In Brazil, one of the sectors impacted was telecommunications. State systems have been privatized through auctions and all companies that have purchased the right to provide their services in certain regions can do so.
5. Greater spread of knowledge
In addition to impacting trade relations between countries, globalization also has a direct influence on the spread of knowledge and information.
With technology at the service of humanity, news about wars, World Cups and territorial invasions are quickly known around the world.
Also, with the boom From the Internet, countries started to have a dynamic integration and society started to acquire data and information almost instantly.
This kind of virtual globalization also brought many advantages for companies, which started to be able to manage employees remotely and organize meetings through apps and programs. Communication online.
Despite all the benefits mentioned, the spread of knowledge can cause destruction if applied with bad intentions.
An example of this is the dissemination of terrorist ideas, leveraged by the ease of access to the respective data in different types of information platforms.
See the /positive-points-negative-points-of-globalization/positives and negatives of globalization.
know more about globalization , Internet and information.