THESecond World War, which began in 1939, in addition to having destruction and huge numbers of deaths as some of its main characteristics, it also had moments of agreements and formation of alliances political and military, which were fundamental in directing the course of the conflict. Even before the war started, Germany and the USSR signed the CovenantGerman-soviet of non-aggression. There was also the formation of calls "Powersof the axis” (Rome-Berlin-Tokyo). However, as the war unfolded, new alliances and agreements were made. The formation of the so-called "Allies", which joined against Germany, Italy and Japan, had its first strategic elaboration in 1943, in the so-called Tehran Conference.
THE Tehran Conference, which took place in the homonymous city (capital of Iran), brought together the heads of state of the United States, the Soviet Union and England: roosevelt, Stalin and Churchill, respectively. The war situation in 1943 required a joint venture between the aforementioned powers and the other countries associated with them. The main topics discussed in Tehran were:
the plan of attack on European soil, which would be carried out both on the western flank (led by England and the United States) and by the east (led, in turn, by the USSR). The targets, of course, were the Nazi- and Fascist-dominated regions;
what would be the geopolitical situation in Europe after the eventual victory of the allies, given that the countries Westerners and the USSR had different political projects, although the enemy has become common to all.
However, the Tehran Conference, also known by its secret code name “Eureka”, was marked, at first, by the animosity between Stalin and Churchill. The head of the USSR insisted on a military strategy involving an incursion into French territory, while Churchill suggested an Anglo-American strategic action in the Balkan region. Stalin suspected that Churchill intended to expose the Soviet Red Army to the maximum possible wear and tear in the fight against the Nazis and maintained its position regarding the concentration of Western Allied forces in France and Italy – a strategy that would relieve pressure on the Army Red.
Roosevelt, for his part, excelled in compromise and, to some extent, conformed to Stalin's opinion. One of the results of the deliberation on Allied strategy in Europe was the landing of Western troops on the beach in Normandy, France. With regard to the situation in Eastern Europe, it was also agreed that support would be given to Joseph Broz Tito, in Yugoslavia, and the annexation, by the USSR, of a good part of the border regions with Western Europe, including part of Poland, would be recognized. There were also resolutions of deadlocks in relation to other countries, such as Finland, which was pro-Nazi, and Turkey, which had not yet declared war against Germany.
The alliance between these three leaders resulted in one of the greatest military mobilizations in human history, as historian Norman Davies says: “Over the course of the six months that followed Tehran, all the attention of the Allied camp was focused on plans for the Normandy landings. The combined operation involved an unparalleled preparation effort. Transporting huge quantities of US arms and men by air and sea was extremely complex.” [1]
*Image credits: Freephotographer and Shutterstock
GRADES
[1] Davies, Norman. Europe at War (1939-1945). Lisbon: Editions 70, 2008. P. 213.
By Me. Cláudio Fernandes
Source: Brazil School - https://brasilescola.uol.com.br/historiag/conferencia-teera.htm