Civil right it is a branch of law which deals with set of rules regulating the rights and obligations of a private order concerning people, their rights and obligations, goods and their relationships as members of society.
Generally speaking, Civil Law covers the set of rules provided for by the Civil Code. In Brazil, the current Civil Code, in force since January 11, 2003, contains 2,046 articles. It establishes, in its general part, the rights of persons, property and legal facts. In the special part, it deals with the law of obligations, the law of companies, the law of things, the law of the family and the law of inheritance.
Basic Principles of Civil Law
- unattainable principle of the family – recognizes the importance of the family nucleus for the formation of citizens;
- personality principle – guarantees that every individual has their existence recognized, which entails rights and obligations;
- principle of autonomy of will – the legal capacity of human beings to practice or abstain from certain acts is taken into account, according to their will;
- principle of social solidarity – highlights the social importance of property and legal transactions, with the purpose of reconciling the needs of the community with private interests.;
- principle of individual property - defends the idea that the individual, by the result of his work or by means legal, you can externalize your personality through movable or immovable property, which become part of your patrimony;
- principle of the legitimacy of inheritance and the right to test – guarantees the individual the right to dispose of their assets and to transfer, in whole or in part, to their heirs.
See also: the meaning of Civil Code, civil procedural law and Rebus sic stantibus.