The Internet is a vast collection of computer networks interconnected all over the world; in an integrated way enabling connectivity regardless of the type of machine that is used, which to maintain this multi-compatibility if uses a set of protocols and services in common, so that users connected to it can enjoy far-reaching information services worldwide.
Communication via the Internet can be of several types:
Data
Voice
Video
Multimedia
Due to increasingly "heavy" resources, a higher speed of transmissions becomes more and more necessary.
The "path" traversed by a data packet, for example, does not always go from the source straight to the destination, on the contrary, this is actually quite rare. More commonly, data travel through different paths, passing through n computers to the destination, always aiming for the shortest path; despite this, the process is quite fast.
With the appearance and more widespread use of Intranet's, integrating internal networks of large companies with the Internet, its use has been increasingly diversified.
With the expansion of use, caused by the great Internet boom in recent years - even largely a fad - all users have been suffering from information overload during peak hours (known as "bottlenecks"); the only question remains as to how long the Internet, as we know it today, will survive. - Internet II is already in the testing phase for deployment.
Internet history
The Internet emerged from a project by the North American Advanced Research and Projects Agency (ARPA) aiming to connect the computers of its research departments. The Internet was born from ARPANET, which connected four institutions: University of California, LA and Santa Barbara; Stanford Research Institute and University of Utah, beginning 1969.
Researchers and scholars on the subject received the project at their disposal to work on. From this study that lasted in the 70s, TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol) was born, a group of protocols that has been the basis of the Internet since those times until today.
The University of California at Berkley implemented TCP/IP protocols to the UNIX Operating System, enabling the integration of several universities to ARPANET.
At this time, in the early 1980s, computer networks from other research centers were integrated into the ARPA network. In 1985, the American entity National Science Foundation (NSF) interconnected the supercomputers of its research center, the NSFNET, which the following year joined the ARPANET. ARPANET and NSFNET became the two backbones (backbone) of a new network that, together with the other computers connected to them, was the INTERNET.
Two years later, in 1988, the NSFNET started to be maintained with the support of the organizations IBM, MCI (telecommunications company) and MERIT (institution responsible for the computer network of educational institutions in Michigan), which formed an association known as the Advanced Network and Services (ANS).
In 1990 the ARPANET backbone was deactivated, creating in its place the Defense Research Internet (DRI) backbone; in 1991/1992 ANSNET, which became the main Internet backbone; at the same time, the development of a European backbone (EBONE) began, connecting some European countries to the Internet.
As of 1993, the Internet is no longer an institution of a purely academic nature and started to be commercially exploited, both for the construction of new backbones by private companies (PSI, UUnet, Sprint,...) as well as for the provision of various services. worldwide.
How the Internet Works
One of the most frequent questions about the Internet is: who controls its functioning? It is inconceivable to most people that no group or organization controls this vast worldwide network. The truth is, there is no centralized management for the Internet. Rather, it is a gathering of thousands of individual networks and organizations, each of which is managed and supported by its own user. Each network collaborates with other networks to drive Internet traffic so that information can travel across them. Together, all these networks and organizations make up the connected world of the Internet. For networks and computers to cooperate in this way, however, there needs to be general agreement on such things as Internet procedures and protocol standards. These procedures and standards are found in RFCs (requests for comment or requests for comment) that users and organizations agree on.
Various groups drive the growth of the Internet by helping to set standards and guiding people on the proper way to use the Internet. Perhaps most important is the Internet Society, a private non-profit group. The Internet Society supports the work of the Internet Activities Board (IAB), which controls many of the Internet's behind-the-scenes broadcasts and architecture. The IAB's Internet Engineering Task Force is responsible for overseeing the involvement of Internet TCP/IP protocols. The IAB's Internet Research Task Force works on network technology. The IAB is also responsible for assigning network IP addresses through the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority. In addition, he runs the Internet Registry, which controls the Domain Name System and handles the association of reference names to IP addresses World Wide Web Consortium (W3 Consortium, World Wide Web Consortium) develops standards for the evolution of the fastest growing part of the Internet, the World Wide Web Web). An industry consortium, controlled by the Laboratory for Computer Science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, collaborates with organizations around the world such as CERN, the originators of the Web. It serves as a repository of information about the Web for developers and users; implements Web standards and prototypes, and uses example applications to demonstrate new technology.
While these organizations are important as a kind of "glue" to hold the Internet together, at the heart of the Internet are individual LANs. These networks can be found in private companies, universities, government agencies and commercial services. They are funded separately from each other through various ways such as user fees, member support, taxes and donations.
Networks are connected in various ways. For the purposes of efficiency, local networks join together in consortia known as regional networks. A variety of leased lines connect regional and local networks.
Leased lines connecting networks can be as simple as a single phone line or as complex as a fiber optic cable with microwave links and satellite transmissions.
Backbones - extremely high-capacity lines - carry large amounts of Internet traffic. These backbones are supported by government agencies and private corporations. Some backbones are maintained by the National Science Foundation.
As the Internet is a free organization, no group controls or maintains it economically. On the contrary, many private organizations, universities and government agencies support or control part of it. All work together, in an organized, free and democratic alliance. Private organizations, ranging from home networks to commercial services and private Internet providers that sell Internet access.
The federal government supports some high-speed backbones that carry Internet traffic around the country and around the world through agencies like the National Science Foundation. Extremely fast vBNS (very high-speed Backbone Network Services), for example, provides a high-speed infrastructure for the research and education community uniting supercomputer centers and possibly also providing a backbone for applications commercials.
Regional networks provide and maintain access within a geographic area. Regional networks can consist of small networks and organizations within the area that have come together to provide better service.
Network Information Centers, or NICs, help organizations use the Internet. InterNIC, an organization supported by the National Science Foundation, assists NICs in their work.
The Internet Registry records addresses and connections between addresses and referral names. Referral names are names given to networks connected to the Internet.
The Internet Society is a private, non-profit organization that prepares technology and architecture pertinent to the Internet, how about how TCP/IP and other Internet protocols should work. This body guides the direction of the Internet and its growth.
Internet service providers sell monthly Internet connections to people. They control their own segments of the Internet and can also provide long-distance connections called backbones. Telephone companies can also provide long-distance Internet connections.
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