European countries: list and capitals

The European continent has 50 countries.

Name of the country	capital	Territorial extension (km²)	Language	Coin
Albania	Tyrant	28.750	Albanian	Lek
Germany	Berlin	357.120	German	Euro
Andorra	Andorra la Vella	470	Catalan	Euro
Armenia	Yerevan	29.740	Armenian	Armenian drama
Austria	Vienna	83.879	German	Euro
Azerbaijan	Baku	86.600	Azerbaijani	Azeri manat
Belgium	Brussels	30.530	French, German and Dutch	Euro
Belarus	Minsk	207.560	Belarusian and Russian	Belarusian ruble
Bosnia and Herzegovina	Sarajevo	51.200	Bosnian	convertible landmark
Bulgaria	Sofia	110.910	Bulgarian	Bulgarian Lev
Kazakhstan	Nursultan	2 724 900	Kazakh and Russian	tenge
Cyprus	Nicosia	9.250	greek and turkish	Euro
Croatia	Zagreb	56.590	Croatian	kuna
Denmark	Copenhagen	43.090	Danish	Danish Crown
Slovakia	bratislava	49.040	Slovak	Euro
Slovenia	Ljubljana	20.270	Slovenian	Euro
Spain	Madrid	505.370	Spanish	Euro
Estonia	Tallinn	45.230	Estonian	Euro
Finland	Helsinki	338.420	finnish and swedish	Euro
France	Paris	549.190	French	Euro
Georgia	Tbilisi	69.700	Georgian	lari
Greece	Athens	131.960	Greek	Euro
Hungary	Budapest	93.030	Hungarian	forint
Ireland	Dublin	70.280	Irish and English	Euro
Iceland	Reykjavík	103.000	Icelandic	Icelandic crown
Italy	Pomegranate	301.340	Italian	Euro
Latvia	Riga	64.589	Latvian	Euro
Lithuania	Vilnius	65.300	Lithuanian	Euro
Liechtenstein	Vaduz	160	German	Swiss Franc
Luxembourg	Luxembourg	2.590	Luxembourgish, French and German	Euro
Northern Macedonia	scopy	25.710	Macedonian	Macedonian Dinar
Malta	valet	320	Maltese and English	Euro
Moldavia	chisinau	33.850	Romanian	Moldovan Leu
monaco	city of monaco	2	French	Euro
Montenegro	Podgorica	13.810	Montenegrin	Euro
Norway	Oslo	323.780	Norwegian	Norwegian krone
Netherlands	Amsterdam	41.540	Dutch	Euro
Poland	Warsaw	312.680	Polish	Euro
Portugal	Lisbon	92.090	Portuguese	Euro
UK	London	243.610	English	pound sterling
Romania	Bucharest	238.390	Romanian	Romanian read
Russia	Moscow	17.098.242	Russian	Ruble
San Marino	San Marino	60	Italian	Euro
Serbia	Saravajo	88.360	Serbian	Serbian dinar
Sweden	Stockholm	450.300	Swedish	swedish crown
Switzerland	Bern	41.280	German, French, Italian and Romansh	Swiss Franc
Czechia	Prague	78.866	Czech	czech crown
Turkey	Ankara	783.560	Turkish	turkish lyre
Ukraine	Kiev	603.550	Ukrainian	gryvnia
Vatican	Vatican CITY	0,44	Italian	Euro

Europe is 10 530 751 km² in size and has a population of around 740 700 million inhabitants.

Europe map

The smallest country on the European continent is the Vatican, with 0.44 km²; and the largest is Russia, with 17,075,400 km².

Europe is limited to the north by the Glacial Arctic Ocean and North Sea; to the east with the Ural Mountains; to the south with the Mediterranean Sea; and to the west with the Atlantic Ocean.

The highest point in Europe is Mount Elbrus, with 5642 meters of altitude, located in the Caucasus Mountains, Russia. Also in this country is the lowest point in Europe, on the Caspian Sea, at 28 meters below sea level.

The highest country is Andorra, as it is located 1,023 meters above sea level. The Netherlands, on the other hand, owns parts of its territory at levels below the sea, hence its name.

The most populous European cities are Istanbul (Turkey), with around 14 million inhabitants; Moscow (Russia), with almost 12 million inhabitants; and London (England) which is home to just over 8 million people.

Regions of Europe

Europe is divided into four regions: Northern, Western, Central-Eastern and Southern.

Northern Europe

Northern Europe is made up of eight countries:

Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden.

Western Europe

Western Europe brings together 10 countries:

Germany, Austria, Belgium, France, Ireland, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Netherlands, United Kingdom and Switzerland.

Central-Eastern Europe

Eastern Europe groups 20 countries:

Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Albania, Serbia, Montenegro, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Macedonia.

It also includes bicontinental countries, that is, they belong to both Europe and Asia, such as Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova, Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan and Russia.

southern europe

Southern Europe comprises nine countries:

Spain, Italy, Greece and Turkey, Vatican, San Marino, Monaco, Republic of Malta and Andorra.

European Union

Not all fifty countries on the European continent are part of the European Union. A little more than half, 27 countries, are in this economic bloc. Are they:

Germany, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Croatia, Denmark, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Estonia, Finland, France, Greece, Netherlands, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Poland, Portugal, Czech Republic, Romania and Sweden.

It is important to highlight that only 17 countries in the European Union have adopted the euro as their national currency. This means that Bulgaria, Croatia, Denmark, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Czech Republic and Sweden do not use the euro.

The capital of the European Union is Brussels and its flag is blue with twelve gold stars.

Economy of European countries

The biggest economies on the European continent are Germany, the United Kingdom and France, which are also among the richest countries in the world. Its economic activities are concentrated in the industrial and services sector.

On the other hand, the poorest countries are Ukraine, Moldova and Armenia

Likewise, tourism is a very important sector for Europe. France alone receives more than 80 million visitors a year, making it the most visited country on the continent.

Political regimes of European countries

All European countries are governed by liberal democracies, that is: the choice of leaders is made through free elections and by direct vote.

As for the form of government, there are monarchic and republican countries.

Twelve European countries are constitutional monarchies: Principality of Andorra, Kingdom of Belgium, Kingdom of Denmark, Kingdom of Spain, Principality of Liechtenstein, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, the Principality of Monaco, Kingdom of the Netherlands, Kingdom of Norway, Kingdom of Sweden, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and Vatican.

Among these countries, ten are hereditary monarchies. Vatican and Andorra are elective monarchies.

The other thirty-eight European countries, such as Austria, Portugal, Romania, Hungary and Russia, adopt the republican form of government.

Most of them chose the model of parliamentary republic. This means that there is an elected president, who is the Head of State, and a prime minister, the Head of Government, who is the deputy whose political party was the most voted in the elections.

Languages Spoken in Europe

Europe is a continent with immense linguistic diversity and certain countries have more than one official language.

This is the case in Belgium, where French, German and Dutch are used by the government in its documents. Likewise, Switzerland adopts four languages on its territory: German, Italian, French and Romansh.

There are countries, such as Spain, that have adopted an official language for the whole territory, Spanish (or Castilian), but regionally, they conserve official languages such as Catalan, Galician and Basque.

The most widely spoken languages on the European continent are Russian, German and French. However, because of its economic importance, English is widespread among its citizens.

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