In several texts that debate armed groups around the world and at different times, we see a frequent use of the terms "terrorist" and "guerrilla" to define the members of some of these movements. With the recurrence of the constant use of the two expressions, we end up having the feeling that they both refer to the same type of organization or to the same set of practices.
In fact, there are several distinctions that can be made between groups that define themselves as guerrillas and those that are perceived as terrorists. A first difference can be seen in the origin of the definition itself. In general, guerrilla groups are the first to define themselves in such a way. On the other hand, the definition of terrorists usually comes from the media, analysts and opponents of the existence of the armed group.
Another aspect of difference is recognized in the situation in which a guerrilla and a terrorist group are formed. Terrorist groups usually act in a context where there is no formalized conflict and reach people who have no direct relationship with the terrorists' enemies. On the other hand, guerrillas appear in situations of present conflict or instability. Furthermore, they focus their armed actions specifically against those they oppose.
In political and ideological terms, terrorist groups have a revanchist discourse, not are guided by some kind of defined political ideology and are not even interested in seeking broad support from the population. On the other hand, the guerrillas have a strongly centered political orientation, generally interested in a revolutionary experience that can be consolidated with the support of other sectors of society.
In this way, we can specify a series of fundamental differences that allow us to distinguish between guerrillas and terrorists. Even being outside some kind of constituted power or being willing to kill and die for a purpose, these two types of armed action cannot readily be equated. Its objectives and forms of action show the various faces that situations can take on in a given place and situation.
By Rainer Gonçalves Sousa
Brazil School Collaborator
Graduated in History from the Federal University of Goiás - UFG
Master in History from the Federal University of Goiás - UFG
Source: Brazil School - https://brasilescola.uol.com.br/historiag/guerrilha-terrorismo.htm