Personal pronouns are the pronouns associated with speech people or grammatical:
First person — who speaks (me, us)
Second person — who is spoken to (you, you)
Third person — who is being talked about (he/she, they/them)
These pronouns can vary in number (singular or plural), gender (masculine or feminine), case (straight or oblique) and stress (stressed or unstressed).
In Portuguese, there are three types of personal pronouns, each with its specific function. They are: personal straight case, staff of oblique case and treatment pronouns.
Examples of personal pronouns:
"I I like to read books." (straight case)
"The thief if regretted his actions." (oblique case)
"Your Majesty, the King, spoke to the people." (treatment pronoun)
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Personal Pronouns in the Straight Case
The personal pronouns of the straight case are used as subject or predicative of a sentence. They therefore indicate who or what is carrying out the action.
"Us we arrived at the stadium early" (subject)
"Happy is he, which has no commitments." (predicative)
These pronouns are divided according to the people in the speech, varying in gender and number. Are they:
Examples of personal pronouns in the straight case:
"I I love chocolate"
"You You're my best friend."
"He She goes to the park every day."
"She sings beautifully."
"Us We're planning a trip."
"You you are welcome to the party."
"They run on the track."
"They They love cooking together.”
Oblique Case Personal Pronouns
Personal pronouns in the oblique case perform several syntactic functions in a sentence, and can act as direct object, indirect object, nominal complement, passive agent, adnominal adjunct, adverbial adjunct and I bet.
As for tonicity, they are classified into unstressed or tonics. Just like those in the direct case, they are divided according to the people of the speech, varying in gender and number. Are they:
Tonic Oblique Pronouns
Unstressed oblique pronouns are pronounced with more emphasis than unstressed ones and generally act as indirect objects, requiring a preposition.
Examples of tonic oblique case personal pronouns:
- "A me, no one deceives easily.”
"The bricklayer brought the tools with you".
"With you, we live unforgettable moments."
"Neighbors talked about us."
"With you Nobody plays."
"Nothing was wrong with she."
"You'll never feel like you're alone with me."
Unstressed Oblique Pronouns
Unstressed oblique pronouns function as complements and do not need a preposition. They are called "unstressed" because they do not have a tonic accent, that is, they are pronounced in a less emphatic way.
Examples of unstressed personal pronouns in the oblique case:
"My superior me helped with the work."
"Joaquina invitedyou for dinner."
"Pedro O found it at the mall."
Us you we saw it at the cinema.
"The lawyers us gave good news."
"They found-if in the square."
"Purchased-him the House."
As for pronoun placement, that is, their position in relation to the verb, unstressed oblique pronouns are presented in three ways: before (proclisis), after (enclisis) or in the middle (mesoclysis) in the verb.
Proclisis — "No me say it."
Enclisis — "Count-us the truth."
Mesoclisis — "Love-it-ei for life."
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Pronouns treatment
Treatment pronouns, also called axionyms, are words or phrases used to address or refer to someone in a relationship. hierarchical or of respect. The main ones are:
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Bibliography:
- BECHARA, Evanildo. School Grammar of the Portuguese Language. Rio de Janeiro: Lucerna, 2009.
- CUNHA, Celso; CINTRA, Lindley. New grammar of contemporary Portuguese. Lisbon: Edições João Sá da Costa, 1991.
See too:
- Pronoun
- Conjunction
- Adverb
- Adjective
- Punctuation marks
- Preposition
Meanings: more than a simple encyclopedia. A simple encyclopedia.
