A Northeast Region is responsible for the occupation of the largest coastline in the country. Made up of nine states, it has a territory of 1,554,291,607 km², which corresponds to about 18.27% of the Brazilian territory.
The region was the first to be economically exploited. In this way, the deforestation of the region made most of the extension of the Atlantic forest ended and, thus, the implantation of other cultures, such as cocoa and sugar cane, appeared.
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The Northeast has four subregions, which are developed according to the aspects of each one. The sub-regions of the Northeast are: Wood zone, wild, hinterland It is Mid-North.
The region is the second most populous in the country. Despite this, its demographic density is low and this is the result of the extensive territorial area, that is, while there are well populated areas, such as Zona da Mata and Agreste, others have very low demographic densities, such as Sertão and Mid-North.
Check now the data from the population of the Brazilian Northeast Region.
Northeast Region: Demography
The Northeast has the second largest population in the country, second only to Southeast region. This unevenness happens due to the way in which the demographic distribution happens in the states.
A demographic density of the region reflects about 34.1 inhabitants per square kilometer. This population is mainly concentrated in large urban centers, which correspond to coastal areas.
The most populous states in the Northeast are: Bahia (24.8 inhabitants per km²), Pernambuco (89.6 inhabitants per km²) and Ceará (56.7 inhabitants per km²), which correspond to approximately 60% of the total.
Northeast Region: Urbanization
O Northeast urbanization process started in colonial period. This region was the first in the country to become urbanized, as it had the first Brazilian economic activities. During this period, the so-called “Northeast Sugar“, which referred to sugarcane activities.
Furthermore, there was theNortheast cotton-livestock“, which intensified in the Agreste and Sertão, and also the “Cocoa Northeast” that provided the growth of Bahia, mainly in the cities of Itabuna and Ilhéus.
Over the decades, the northeastern economy has been declining and in the same period, the one in the southeast has been growing. With that, the sertanejos left for places that had a more developed economy, getting rid of drought and hunger.
Currently, the northeast still has an intense process of urbanization, which is formed by the population that need to migrate to territories such as Salvador, Fortaleza, Recife and Natal, the great urban centers of region.
In this way, due to the lack of resources, they find shelter in marginalized places with a lack of infrastructure. Therefore, these inhabitants survive precariously, making the region one of the most unequal in the country.
Northeast Region: States
The Northeast is made up of nine states, namely:
- Maranhao (BAD);
- Piauí (PI);
- Ceara (CE);
- large northern river (RN);
- Paraíba (PB);
- Pernambuco (FOOT);
- Alagoas (AL);
- sergipe (SE);
- bahia (BA).
Of the states in the Northeast region, the largest is Bahia, which has 564,692 km². It is located in the south of the region and borders eight states. In addition, the territory of Bahia is known as the sixth largest Brazilian state in terms of wealth.
Northeast Region: Major Cities
According to 2019 data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), the largest northeastern municipalities, by population, they are:
- Feira de Santana (BA) – 614,872;
- Campina Grande (PR) – 409,731;
- Caruaru (PE) – 361,118;
- Petrolina (PE) – 349,145;
- Vitória da Conquista (BA) – 338,480.
Northeast Region: Life Expectancy
The northeast has the lowest life expectancy in the country, which corresponds to 70 years. Despite this, the region showed improvements in other aspects, such as the reduction in the infant mortality rate, which dropped by 67% from 1996 to 2006. These results were released by the Ministry of Health.
Read too:
- Population of the Southern Region of Brazil: States, Inhabitants, HDI, GDP
- Population of the Southeast Region of Brazil: Inhabitants, HDI, GDP, States