King of Macedonia who transformed his country into the greatest power in ancient Greece and laid the foundations for the Hellenic expansion, carried out by his son Alexander the Great. Son of Amyntas III, he replaced his brother Perdicas III on the Macedonian throne (359 a. C.), fought against the disintegration of the Macedonian kingdom motivated by the insubordination of the local aristocracy, the attack of Thebes and the invasion of the Illyrians. After reestablishing and even expanding the country's borders, he consolidated them through the establishment of colonies and seized the mining region of Pangeu, where he got the gold needed to mint his own coin, the filip or Philippines. He subjected the nobility to his authority and organized the army on new bases.
For this he created the heavy infantry phalanx, inspired by the ancient formations of Epaminondas, and provided numerous war machines. Once the kingdom was consolidated, he gave himself up to the ambitious plan of extending his hegemony to all of Greece. and, aided by his son Alexander at the head of the cavalry, he defeated the Greeks at the battle of Chaeronea (338 a. Ç). In an assembly of the League of Corinth, he proposed (337 b. C.) the war against Persia, traditional enemy of the Greeks. The following year, an army commanded by Parmenion landed in Anatolia, but war operations were interrupted after its assassination by the nobleman Pausanias (336 a. C.), and the kingdom was taken over by Alexander, who was only twenty years old, but who would become the greatest conqueror of antiquity.
Source: http://www.dec.ufcg.edu.br/biografias/
Order F - Biography - Brazil School
Source: Brazil School - https://brasilescola.uol.com.br/biografia/filipe-ii-da-macedonia.htm
