The Earth performs various movements, one of which is rotation, during which it rotates around itself and that is why the entire face of the Earth receives sunlight.
Due to the spherical shape of planet Earth, the sun's rays fall in different ways in terms of intensity in different places on the planet. near the equator, or intertropical zone, the light hits the earth's surface perpendicularly, thus automatically increasing the intensity and the heat.
From the intertropical zone towards the poles, the rays, due to the rounded shape of the planet, strike the surface of these regions with less intensity, as they reach the planet in an inclined manner and, consequently, the temperatures are minors.
From this idea, it is clear that between two poles there is a large fluctuation in temperatures, mainly due to the mode and intensity with which the sun's rays fall on the surface, which determine the existence of high, low and medium temperatures dispersed throughout the entire length of the planet.
To regionalize similar areas in terms of receiving sunlight, the globe was classified into five zones thermal zones, which are: tropical or intertropical zone, temperate zones, this one presents in the north and in the south, which also occurs in the zones polar.
Polar Zones: the sun's rays reach the Earth's surface in a very steep way, so temperatures are the lowest on Earth.
Temperate zones: the rays fall on the surface relatively inclined in relation to the intertropical zone, thus the temperatures are milder.
Tropical zone: areas that receive sunlight almost vertically on their surface, the fact produces regions with high temperatures, known as the torrid zone of the planet.
By Eduardo de Freitas
Graduated in Geography
Source: Brazil School - https://brasilescola.uol.com.br/geografia/zonas-termicas-terra.htm