How to make bibliographic references ABNT: complete guide

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Bibliographic references are a list of works (books, journal articles, websites, etc.) used to support, support or even exemplify academic works.

In Brazil, the Brazilian Association of Technical Norms (ABNT) is the institution responsible for establishing the standardization of the use of these references, which is usually updated periodically.

In this article, we will present examples of the different types of reference formatting established by the last update of the ABNT standards.

Book reference with an author

AUTHOR'S LAST NAME, Name (abbreviated or not). Title of Work (spelled with capital letters and highlighted in bold, italics or underlined): subtitle (if any and without typographical emphasis). Edition (if any). Place: publisher, year of publication.

Example:

FREIRE, Paul. Pedagogy of the Oppressed. 11th edition. São Paulo: Peace and Earth, 1975.

Books with up to three authors

AUTHOR'S LAST NAME 1, Abbreviated name; AUTHOR'S LAST NAME 2, Abbreviated forename; AUTHOR'S LAST NAME 3, Abbreviated first name (if there is a third author).

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Title of Work: subtitle (if any). Edition (if any). Place: publisher, year of publication.

Example:

DELEUZE, G; GUATTARI, F. The Anti-Oedipus. 2nd edition. São Paulo: Publisher 34, 2011.

Books with more than three authors

FIRST AUTHOR'S LAST NAME, Abbreviated name et al. Title of Work: subtitle (if any). Edition (if any). Place: publisher, year of publication.

Example:

ANDRADE, C. D. et al. four voices. 9th edition. Sao Paulo: Record, 1997.

Books by the same author

When a bibliographic reference presents two or more books by the same author, we should cite the author's name only in the first book in the list. From the second work onwards, we replaced the writer's name with a dash the size of six spaces, as in the following example:

Example:

HOBSBAWN, and J. age of extremes: the brief twentieth century: 1914 – 1991. 2nd edition. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras, 2014.

______ age of empires: 1875 – 1914. São Paulo: Editora Paz e Terra, 2005.

Books with unknown author

TITLE of the book (first word of the title in capital letters). Place: publisher, year of publication.

Example:

SMALL wine library. Sao Paulo: Lafonte, 2012.

book chapters

LAST NAME OF THE AUTHOR OF THE CHAPTER, Name. Chapter title. in: LAST NAME OF THE AUTHOR OF THE BOOK, First Name. Book's title (highlighted): subtitle (if any). Place: Publisher, year of publication. Chapter pages.

Example:

ROMANO, Giovanni. Images of youth in the modern era. in: LEVI, G.; SHMIDT, J. (org.). Young People's Story 2: the contemporary era. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras, 1996. P. 7-16.

Online article reference

AUTHOR'S LAST NAME, Abbreviated Name. Title: subtitle (if any). Site name (highlighted), year. Available at: (link). Accessed on: (date).

Examples:

ALVES, Igor. Shoe Sizes: shoe size conversion tables. Meanings, 2022. Available in https://www.significados.com.br/tamanhos-de-sapato/. Accessed on: June 22, 2022.

MARTINEZ, M; LAKE, C; HEIDEMANN, V. Gender studies in journalism research in Brazil: the tenuous relationship continues. Famecos Magazine, 2022. Available: https://revistaseletronicas.pucrs.br/ojs/index.php/revistafamecos/article/view/41919/27417. Accessed on February 19, 2022.

Reference of theses, monographs and dissertations

AUTHOR'S LAST NAME, Abbreviated name. Title: subtitle. Presentation year. Number of sheets or volumes. (Category and area of ​​concentration) — Institution, Location, year of defense.

Example:

KOPPER, M. Architectures of hope: an ethnography of economic mobility in contemporary Brazil. 2016. 235 pages. Thesis (Doctorate in Social Anthropology) — Institute of Philosophy and Human Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 2016.

Reference of articles in printed magazines

AUTHOR'S LAST NAME, Abbreviated name. Article title. Name of journal/periodical (highlighted), Place of Publication, Edition Number, Issue Number (if any), Initial-End Pages, Month and Year.

Example:

GIAMBIAGI, F. Marcelo Neri: the academic in the fight against poverty. Era, Sao Paulo, no. esp., p. 96 – 99, Dec. 2010.

Reference of articles in an event

AUTHOR'S LAST NAME, Name. Title of the work presented. In: TITLE OF THE EVENT, event number, year of realization, location. document title (highlighted). Place: Publisher, year of publication. Start-end pages. Available at: (link). Access on: date.

Example:

DUTRA, D. J v. On legal freedom in Habermas. In: COLÓQUIO HABERMAS, 11., 2015, Rio de Janeiro. electronic analyses [...]. Rio de Janeiro: Salute, 2016, p. 34 – 50,. Available in: https://coloquiohabermas.files.wordpress.com/2016/03/anais-xi-coloquio-habermas-e-ii-coloquio-de-filosofia-da-informacao1.pdf. Accessed on: December 21, 2018.

Reference of state and federal constitutions

PLACE. Title (year). Description (highlighted). Place of constituent body, year of publication.

Examples:

BRAZIL. Constitution (1988). Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil. Brasília, DF: Federal Senate, Graphic Center, 1988.

FOR. Constitution (1989). State Constitution of Pará. Belém, PA: Legislative Assembly of the State of Pará, 1989.

Reference of laws, decrees and norms

Printed

JURISDICTION. Type, number, date. Title. Publication title (highlighted), date of publication. Location, volume. number, start and end pages.

Example:

BRAZIL. Law No. 10,257, of July 10, 2001. Regulates articles 182 and 183 of the Federal Constitution, establishes general urban policy guidelines and other provisions. Official Diary of the Union, 2001. Brasilia, DF, v. 7, no. 55, p. 3-5.

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JURISDICTION. Type. Number. Date. Title. Title. City: publisher. Publication date. Available at: (access link). Access on: date.

Example:

BRAZIL. Law No. 11,340, of August 7, 2006. It creates mechanisms to curb domestic and family violence against women. Brasília, DF: Planalto Palace, 2006. Available in http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2004-2006/2006/lei/l11340.htm. Accessed on: July 03, 2022.

Reference of civil and notary documents

JURISDICTION. Name of the notary or issuing agency. Document Type (highlighted). Registration on: date of issuance of the document.

Example:

SÃO CARLOS (SP). Civil Registry of Natural Persons of the 1st Subdistrict of São Carlos. Birth certificate [of] Maria da Silva. Issued on: December 27, 1979.

Reference of films and documentaries

Film's name. Director: name of director. Production: name of producer. Location: Distributor, year of production. Media support.

Example:

Alice in Wonderland. Directed by: Tim Burton. Producer: Tim Burton. United States: Walt Disney Pictures, 2010. DVD.

song reference

LAST NAME OF THE PERFORMER, Name. Title. Composer. Country: Label, year. Format.

Example:

VELOSO, Caetano. Alone. Composer: Peninha. Brazil: Universal Music LTDA, 2011. CD.

Video reference

Video TITLE (first word in capital letters). Director/producer. Location: Producer, year. Available at: (link). Access on: (date)

Example:

COUP of 64: The Brother Sam operation. Eduardo Bueno. Rio de Janeiro: Canal Buenas Ideias, 2022. Available in: https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=i7gzgE2LvIc. Accessed in: April 2022.

Social media reference

AUTHOR'S LAST NAME, Name. Title (highlighted). Location, date. Social network: @nomedeusuario. Available at: (link). Accessed on: (date).

Example:

FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF RIO DE JANEIRO. UNIRIO develops application to provide pre-diagnosis of Covid-19 from human-machine interaction. Rio de Janeiro, 8 Apr. of 2020. Twitter: @UNIRIO_Oficial. Available in: https://twitter.com/@UNIRIO_Oficial/status/1247978970081001472. Accessed on: 12 May 2020.

blog reference

LAST NAME OF THE AUTHOR OF THE POST, Name. Post title. In: Author/responsible for the blog. Blog Title (highlighted). Place and date of publication. Available at: (link). Accessed on: (date).

Example:

PACKER, A. L. et al. SciELO after 20 years: the future remains open. In: SCIELO - Scientific Electronic Library Online. SciELO in Perspective. Sao Paulo, 19 Dec. 2018. Available in: https://blog.scielo.org/blog/2018/12/19/scielo-pos-20-anos-o-futuro-continua-aberto/#XDYD31KiUk. Accessed on: 9 Jan. 2019.

email reference

LAST NAME, Name of the author of the message. email title (highlighted)[personal message]. Message received by on (date of receipt of the email).

Example:

SILVA, Jose. Explanation of ABNT standards [personal message]. Message received by on Nov. 2021.

OBS: according to ABNT, “messages that circulate through electronic mail must be referenced only when no other source is available to address the matter in question”. They must therefore be avoided.

Formatting of bibliographic references

When references are placed in the post-textual part, that is, at the end of a chapter or work, must be preceded by the title “Bibliographical References”, written in capital letters, in bold and centralized.

Then, the list of references must be aligned to the left, with single spacing between them, in size 12 (Times New Roman or Arial).

See too:

  • ABNT Meaning
  • Examples of Formatting by ABNT Rules and Norms for academic works
  • Example of scientific article formatting by ABNT standards
  • ABNT Margins
  • Abbreviations in citations according to ABNT standards
  • Meaning of Scientific Methodology
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How to make bibliographic references ABNT: complete guide

Bibliographic references are a list of works (books, journal articles, websites, etc.) used to su...

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