Exercises on Central Nervous System

Test your knowledge of the Central Nervous System with 10 questions Next. Check the comments after the feedback to get your questions answered.

question 1

Anatomically, the Nervous System is divided into Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS). The Central Nervous System, located on the axial axis of the body, is formed by

a) brain and spinal cord
b) brain and nerve nodes
c) brain and spinal cord
d) brain and spinal nerves

See Answer

Correct answer: c) brain and spinal cord

a) WRONG. Only the brain, the main organ of the CNS, is correct in this alternative.
b) WRONG. The nerve ganglia are part of the Peripheral Nervous System.
c) CORRECT. The brain and spinal cord are constituents of the CNS.
d) WRONG. The spinal nerves are part of the Peripheral Nervous System.

question 2

Regarding the functions of the Central Nervous System (CNS) mark the INCORRECT alternative

a) This system receives and interprets messages, acting as an integration center.
b) The SNC works as a command center, as it coordinates the activities of the body.

c) As a decision-making region of the body, the CNS controls most of the body's functions.
d) The messages captured by the CNS are only from external sources that pass through the sense organs: vision, hearing, touch and taste.

See Answer

Incorrect answer: d) The messages captured by the CNS are only from external sources, which pass through the sense organs: sight, hearing, touch and taste.

The information that is received, analyzed and interpreted by the Central Nervous System comes from both outside the body and internal organs. Therefore, functions such as neurological activities, motor activities and body balance are related to this system.

question 3

Inside the skull is the brain, a complex structure formed by

a) Only the brain
b) Brain and cerebellum
c) Brain, cerebellum and brainstem
d) Brain, cerebellum, brainstem and spinal nerves

See Answer

Correct answer: c) Brain, cerebellum and brainstem.

The brain is the main organ of the Nervous System and is located in the brain. The left and right hemispheres of the organ comprise the telencephalon, while at the base of the brain is the diencephalon, formed by the thalamus and hypothalamus.

The cerebellum is located between the brain and the brainstem.

question 4

The brain is an organ of the Nervous System that is located in the brain. By analyzing its layout, it is possible to identify different divisions of the organ. Tick ​​the alternative that does NOT have a classification used to describe the structure of the brain.

a) Right and left hemispheres
b) brain lobes
c) Neural and glial tissue
d) Telencephalon and Diencephalon

See Answer

Incorrect alternative: c) Neural and glial tissue.

a) CORRECT. The brain is divided into two hemispheres, which are connected by the corpus callosum.
b) CORRECT. The brain has four lobes: frontal, parietal, occipital and temporal.
c) INCORRECT. Neurons and glial cells are cells that make up the nervous tissue that makes up the Nervous System. The brain is divided according to the region in white matter, inner portion rich in nerve fibers, and gray matter, which is located on the outside of the organ and is made up of the cell bodies of the neurons.
d) CORRECT. The portion of the brain formed by the hemispheres is called the telencephalon, while the thalamus and hypothalamus comprise the diencephalon.

question 5

Among the functions of the cerebellum, located between the brain and the brainstem, the main ones are:

a) receiving and transmitting sensory messages
b) aid in the coordination of movements and balance of the body
c) role in body homeostasis and expression of emotions
d) make the connection between different parts of the brain

See Answer

Correct answer: b) assist the coordination of movements and balance of the body.

a) WRONG. These functions are performed by the thalamus, located at the base of the brain.
b) CORRECT. Eye, limb and head movements, body balance and posture are all part of the activities in which the cerebellum works.
c) WRONG. These functions are performed by the hypothalamus, located at the base of the brain.
d) WRONG. This function corresponds to the structure called the bridge that is part of the brainstem.

question 6

Brain stem, one of the structures that constitute the brain in the Central Nervous System, is responsible, among other functions, by producing stimuli that control vital activities, such as breathing movements and cardiac.

The brain stem has three parts, which are

a) Trochlear nerve, abducens nerve and vagus nerve
b) Epiglottis, alveolus and bronchioles
c) Microglia, macroglia and astrocyte
d) Midbrain, pons and bulb

See Answer

Correct answer: d) Midbrain, pons and medulla.

a) WRONG. Trochlear nerve, abducens nerve, and vagus nerve are cranial nerves.
b) WRONG. Epiglottis, alveolus and bronchioles are components of the respiratory system.
c) WRONG. Microglia, macroglia and astrocyte are components of nervous tissue.
d) CORRECT. The midbrain is located between the pons and the brain. The bridge is between the midbrain and the medulla. The bulb connects at one end with the pons and the other with the spinal cord.

question 7

Look at the structure below and indicate the Central Nervous System component that corresponds to each number in the image.

Central Nervous System (reproduction: Wikimedia Commons)

Through neurons, the nervous system receives stimuli, decodes messages and elaborates responses.

The correct sequence is

a) 1 - Diencephalon; 2 - spinal cord; 3 - thalamus; 4 - ganglion; 5 - brainstem; 6 - bridge; 7 - brainstem
b) 1 - Midbrain; 2 - cerebral lobe; 3 - bridge; 4 - cerebellum; 5 - telencephalon; 6 - bulb; 7 - spinal cord
c) 1 - Brain; 2 - hypothalamus; 3 - bulb; 4 - motor nerve; 5 - midbrain; 6 - diencephalon; 7 - brainstem
d) 1 - telencephalon; 2 - diencephalon; 3 - midbrain; 4 - bridge; 5 - bulb; 6 - cerebellum; 7 - spinal cord

See Answer

Correct answer: d) 1 - telencephalon; 2 - diencephalon; 3 - midbrain; 4 - bridge; 5 - bulb; 6 - cerebellum; 7 - spinal cord.

1 - telencephalon: comprises the region where the right hemisphere and the left hemisphere of the brain are located;
2 - diencephalon: comprises the region where the brain's thalamus and hypothalamus are located;
3 - midbrain: component of the brainstem located between the brain and the pons;
4 - pons: component of the brainstem located between the midbrain and the medulla;
5 - medulla: component of the brainstem located between the medulla and the spinal cord;
6 - cerebellum: component of the brain located between the brain and the brainstem;
7 - spinal cord: component of the CNS that establishes communication between the nervous system and the body.

question 8

The membranes that have the functions of isolating and protecting the Central Nervous System are called

a) Vermis
b) Gray matter
c) Meninges
d) Liquor

See Answer

Correct answer: c) Meninges.

The 3 meninges that protect the Nervous System are:

Dura mater: It is the most external, thick and resistant.
Arachnoid: It is the intermediary membrane, between the dura mater and the pia mater.
Pia mater: It is the most internal and delicate, in direct contact with the CNS.

a) WRONG. Vermis is a narrow band connecting the two hemispheres of the cerebellum.
b) WRONG. Gray matter is the outermost layer of the brain made up of nerve cells.
d) WRONG. CSF is the cerebrospinal fluid that separates the arachnoid and pia mater meninges.

question 9

(Enem/2009) For all the organs of the human body to function in good condition, it is necessary that the body temperature is always between 36ºC and 37ºC. To stay within this range, on hot days or during intense physical exercise, a series of physiological mechanisms is activated.

It can be mentioned as the main responsible for the maintenance of the human body temperature the system

a) digestive, as it produces enzymes that act in the breakdown of caloric foods.
b) immunological, as its cells act in the blood, reducing heat conduction.
c) nervous, as it promotes sweating, which allows heat loss through water evaporation.
d) reproductive, as it secretes hormones that change temperature, especially during menopause.
e) endocrine, as it manufactures antibodies that, in turn, act on the variation in the diameter of peripheral vessels.

See Answer

Correct answer: c) nervous, as it promotes sweating, which allows loss of heat through evaporation of water.

The increase in body temperature is identified by the hypothalamus, the region of the diencephalon responsible for body homeostasis and triggering the sweating mechanism.

Sweating is produced by the action of the sympathetic autonomic nervous system, which communicates with the sweat glands. Formed by water and mineral salts, our body is cooled through sweat.

question 10

(Mack-2005) - The given scheme represents some organs that make up the central nervous system. The functions of control of motor coordination and balance, thyroid control and control of cardiac and respiratory rhythms are performed, respectively, by

a) 5, 1 and 2.
b) 4, 2 and 4.
c) 3, 1 and 2.
d) 5, 2 and 3.
e) 5, 3 and 4

See Answer

Correct answer: d) 5, 2 and 3.

5. The cerebellum is responsible for controlling motor coordination and balance.
2. The pituitary or pituitary gland is stimulated by the hypothalamus and controls the thyroid.
3. The medulla, a component of the brainstem, controls cardiac and respiratory rhythms.

In the image we also have the number 1, which corresponds to the hypothalamus, and the number 4, which is the brain.

Gain more knowledge with the contents:

• Exercises on Nervous System
• Nervous system
• Central Nervous System
• Peripheral Nervous System