Caatelian sovereign born in Burgos, noted for his decisive role in European cultural evolution. Eldest son of Fernando III and the German princess Beatriz of Swabia, aged 23, obeying politically motivated, she married Violante of Aragon, and ascended the throne after her father's death (1252). Although of military training, the only important warfare contributions that his reign gave to the Reconquest were the campaign of Niebla, city taken by the monarch (1262), and those of Jerez, Medina-Sidonia, Lebrija and Cadiz. Politically, his reign was also of little notoriety, even to quell the Mudejar uprising in Murcia and in the Christian area of Andalusia, he was forced to ask for his father-in-law, the Aragonese king Jaime I.
In fact, a large part of the difficulties of his reign were due to his attempt to reinforce the royal authority, which resulted in him numerous clashes with the nobles, in addition to the time wasted with their frustrated pretensions to the German imperial throne, aspiration for the line maternal. Eminently focused on the development of culture and science, he brought the most outstanding Arab scientists to Toledo, Seville and Murcia, Jews and Christians of the time, and boosted the famous school of translators in the first of these cities and actively integrated the production of these teams. There they were produced with the signature of the sovereign mainly important books of history, legal, scientific, astronomy, fables and poetry.
This extraordinary cultural and scientific work had three transcendental consequences: with it the foundations of language were established In Castilian, a link was created between medieval Europe and Arab culture, and for the first time history was considered from a perspective. Modern. The king's last years were devoted to resolving the succession issue. Among his ten children, the first, Fernando, whose death caused armed struggles over succession issues, had particular historical importance.
Afonso de la Cerda, son of the deceased eldest and, therefore, grandson of the king, and the infant Sancho, left to dispute the throne. The king's son won the day and managed to be declared heir to the crown, with the name Sancho IV, further opposed to establishing a kingdom in Jaen for his nephew and opponent, as the King. This provoked war between father and son, but the monarch only had the support of Murcia and Seville, the city where he died (1284).
Source: http://www.dec.ufcg.edu.br/biografias/
Order A - Biography - Brazil School
Source: Brazil School - https://brasilescola.uol.com.br/biografia/afonso-x-castela.htm