Languages, codes and their technologies: Enem

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The Enem Languages, Codes and Their Technologies test contains 45 multiple choice questions of the following subjects:

Portuguese language
Literature
Art
PE
English Spanish
Information and Communication Technologies

Based on the most recurrent contents in the previous tests, check what falls in the Languages, Codes and their Technologies test.

Portuguese language

Genres and text types

Textual genres
Types of Texts
descriptive text
essay text
Dissertation-argumentative text
Narrative text
The letter as a textual genre

word class

word classes
Adjectives
Adverb
Definite and indefinite article
Conjunction
Interjection
Numeral
Preposition
Pronouns
nouns
Verb

Language

colloquial language
Linguistic Variations
Mixed Language
Verbal and nonverbal language
Formal and informal language

Figures and vices of language

Figures of Language
Sound Figures
Word Pictures
Thought Figures
Syntax figures
Language vices
Figures of Speech Exercises

language functions

language functions
conative function
Emotional function
phatic function
metalinguistic function
poetic function
referential function
Language Functions Exercises

instagram story viewer

Text interpretation

Text Interpretation Tips
text interpretation exercises
Intertextuality
Types of intertextuality

grammar and linguistics

Grammar
Phonology
Morphology
Syntax
Semantics
pragmatics
Stylistics
New orthographic agreement

Portuguese language issues that fell in Enem

1. (Enem/2015)

First of all, I would like to express my thanks for the honor of coming to Galicia again and talking not only with my former colleagues, some of whom are part of the table, but also with new colleagues, who belong to the new generation, in whose hands, of course, is also the fate of Galician in Galicia, and especially the fate of Galician incorporated into the large family Portuguese-speaking.

And, therefore, it is with great pleasure that I make some comments on the topic presented. I chose as a theme how the founders of the Academia Brasileira de Letras saw the Portuguese language in their time. As you know, our Academy, founded in 1897, is now turning 110 years old, it was organized by a meeting of journalists, literati, poets who met in the secretariat of the Revista Brasileira, directed by a literary critic and a literary man named José Veríssimo, born in Pará, and from this enthusiasm came the idea of creating the Academia Brasileira, later attached to its title: Academia Brasileira de Letters.

In this sense, Machado de Assis, who was the first president since its inauguration until the date of his death, in 1908, imagined that our Academy should be an academy of Letters, therefore, of literati.

_{BECHARA, E. Available at: www.academiagalega.org. Accessed on: 31 jul. 2012.}

In the excerpt of the lecture given by Evanildo Bechara, at the Academia Galega da Língua Portuguesa, it is verified the use of grammatical structures typical of the standard norm of the language. this use

A) makes speech inaccessible to non-specialists in the subject discussed.
B) contributes to the clarity and organization of speech at the level of formality expected for the situation.
C) attributes to the lecture linguistic characteristics restricted to the written modality of the Portuguese language.
D) makes it difficult for the audience to understand in order to preserve the flowery character of the speech.
E) it shows a distance between the speaker and the audience to meet the objectives of the lecture genre.

See Answer

Correct alternative: B) contributes to the clarity and organization of speech at the level of formality expected for the situation.

A) WRONG. Despite addressing colleagues, that is, Portuguese Language academics, Bechara does not deal with the specifics of Portuguese, which makes the speech clear to any listener.

B) CORRECT. The speaker, Evanildo Bechara, uses the standard language standard. We are faced with a grammatically correct text that is in harmony with the event.

C) WRONG. The text is not restricted to written language, on the contrary, the speaker promotes interaction between people, as seen in “As you know, our Academy…”.

D) WRONG. There are no fancy words in the text.

E) One of the characteristics of the lecture is to use specific resources of orality, precisely because this textual genre aims to provide interaction with the audience.

2. (Enem 2013)

A blanket that sews stories and stories within a family serves as a metaphor for memory in a work written by a Portuguese author

What could be worth more than the blanket to that family? Paintings by famous painters? Queen's jewelry? Palaces? A blanket made of hundreds of scraps of old clothes warmed the children's feet and the memory of their grandmother, who with each square pointed out by her grandchildren rescued a story from their memories. Fanciful stories like the dress with a pocket that housed a cookie-eating gnome; stories of mischief like the one about the shorts turned to rags on the day the boy, who liked to ride a bike with his eyes closed, broke his arm; stories of homesickness, like the apron that carried a letter for over a month... Many stories formed that blanket. The protagonists were family members, an uncle, an aunt, grandfather, great-grandmother, herself, the former owners of the clothes. One day, the grandmother died, and the aunts began to dispute the blanket, all of them wanted it, more than the paintings, jewels and palaces left by her. Fortunately, the aunts managed to come to an agreement, and the blanket began to stay each month in one of their homes. And the scraps, as they faded, were replaced by other scraps, and new and old stories were incorporated into the most valuable blanket in the world.

_{LASEVICIUS, A. Portuguese Language, São Paulo, n. 76, 2012 (adapted).}

The author describes the importance of the blanket for that family, by stating that “new and old stories were being incorporated into the most valuable blanket in the world”. This appreciation is evidenced by the

A) opposition between valuables, such as jewelry, palaces and paintings, and the old blanket.
B) detailed description of the physical aspects of the blanket, such as color and size of the flaps.
C) valuing the blanket as an object of family inheritance disputed by everyone.
D) comparison between the blanket that protects from the cold and the blanket that warmed the children's feet.
E) correlation between the patchwork of the blanket and the many stories of oral tradition that formed them.

See Answer

Correct alternative: E) correlation between the blanket patches and the many stories of oral tradition that formed them.

A) WRONG. Even though the text mentions the value of other things, such as jewelry - "they all wanted it, more than the paintings, jewels and palaces" - the text emphasizes much more the importance of the stories "told" by Blanket.

B) WRONG. Characteristics of the blanket, such as color and size, are not found in the text.

C) WRONG. The same happens with regard to the "valuing the blanket as an object of family inheritance disputed by all", which is mentioned in the text, but without as much relief as the description of the patches that make it up and the stories that each account.

D) WRONG. The passage that reads “warmed children's feet” is not enough to show the importance of the blanket, which is much greater than the function of warming up.

E) CORRECT. Throughout the text, it is described how the patches that formed the blanket carried some of the family's memory - the part of the dress, the shorts, the apron: “missing stories, like the apron that carried a letter for more than one month... Many stories formed that blanket."

Literature

Brazilian literature

Origins of Brazilian Literature
16th century
Baroque in Brazil
Arcadianism in Brazil
Romanticism in Brazil
Realism in Brazil
Naturalism in Brazil
Parnassianism in Brazil
Symbolism in Brazil
pre-modernism
Modernism in Brazil
Contemporary Brazilian Literature

Portuguese Literature

Troubadourism
Humanism
Classicism
Baroque in Portugal
Arcadianism in Portugal
Romanticism in Portugal
realism in Portugal
Naturalism in Portugal
Parnassianism in Portugal
Symbolism in Portugal
Modernism in Portugal

literary movements

Literary Schools
period styles

Literature issues that fell in Enem

1. (Enem/2015)

Who doesn't remember Aurelia Camargo, who crossed the sky of the court like a bright meteor, and suddenly went out in the midst of the dazzle that had produced her glow? She was eighteen when she first appeared in society. They didn't know her; and soon they all eagerly sought out information about the big news of the day. Many things were said that I will not repeat now, because in time we will know the truth, without the malevolent comments that novelists use to dress her. Aurelia was an orphan; she had in her company an old relative, widow, D. Firmina Mascarenhas, who always accompanied her in society. But this relative was nothing more than a commissioned mother, to indulge the scruples of Brazilian society, which at that time had not yet admitted a certain female emancipation. Keeping with the widow the deferences due to age, the girl would not for a moment decline her firm resolve to govern her house and direct her actions as she saw fit. It was also said that Aurelia had a tutor; but this entity was unknown, judging by the character of the ward, could exert no greater influence on her will than the old kinswoman.

_{ALENCAR, J. Lady. São Paulo: Attica, 2006.}

The novel Senhora, by José de Alencar, was published in 1875. In the transcribed fragment, the presence of D. Firmina Mascarenhas as Aurélia Camargo's "kin" assimilates social practices and conventions inserted in the context of Romanticism, as

A) the narrator's fictional work devalues women by portraying the female condition in Brazilian society at the time.
B) the narrator's fictional work masks social habits in the plot of his novel.
C) the characteristics of the society in which Aurelia lived are remodeled in the imagination of the romantic narrator.
D) the narrator highlights the sexist restriction to the authority of women, who are financially independent.
E) the narrator incorporated in his fiction very advanced habits for the society of that historical period.

See Answer

Correct alternative: D) the narrator evidences the sexist restriction to the woman's authority, financially independent.

A) WRONG. The author does not devalue the female figure, on the contrary, he defends Aurelia from the “evil comments used by novelists to dress her”.

B) WRONG. Some social habits are revealed in the excerpt, such as the fact of D. Firmina accompany Aurelia to comply with the social model of the time.

C) WRONG. The main theme of the work Senhora is the marriage of interest, which was much criticized by José de Alencar, and which was a habit of the time, that is, it was not remodeled by the author's imagination.

D) CORRECT. The text makes it clear that D. Firmina only accompanied Aurelia so as not to go against social conventions. An 18-year-old woman could not manage her life on her own: “this relative was nothing more than a commissioned mother, to condescend to the scruples of Brazilian society, which at that time had not yet admitted a certain emancipation female.”.

E) WRONG. José de Alencar portrays society as it was and also criticizes it.

2. (Enem/2015)

man, the sun

Now the bird needed no need, it did and the hero was dripping dirt from a vulture. It was dawn and the weather was completely cold. Macunaíma woke up shaking, all smeared. Even so, he examined the islet's child stone carefully to see if there was any grave with buried money. There was no. Nor the enchanted silver chain that indicates the chosen Dutchman's treasure. There were only the red jaquitagua ants.

Then passed Caiuanog, the morning star. Macunaíma, already a little sick of living, asked her to carry him to heaven.

Caiuanog was getting closer but the hero stank a lot. "Go take a shower!" - she did. And he left. Thus was born the expression "Go take a bath" that Brazilians use when referring to certain European immigrants.

_{ANDRADE, M. Macunaíma: the hero with no character. Rio de Janeiro: Act, 2008.}

The text fragment is part of chapter VII, entitled "Vei, a Sol", of the book Macunaíma, by Mário de Andrade, belonging to the first phase of Brazilian Modernism. Considering the language used by the narrator, it is possible to identify

A) remnants of the naturalist discourse used by nineteenth century writers.
B) lack of linearity in the treatment of time, a common resource in the narrative text of the first modernist phase.
C) reference to fauna as a means of denouncing the primitivism and backwardness of some regions of the country.
D) prejudiced description of Brazilian popular types, represented by Macunaíma and Caiuanogue.
E) use of the colloquial language and themes of the legendary Brazilian as a means of valuing national popular culture.

See Answer

Correct alternative: E) use of the colloquial language and themes of the legendary Brazilian as a means of valuing national popular culture.

A) WRONG. The discourse found in the text is typical of the language of Modernism, which is not concerned with formal standards and breaks with standards in force until then.

B) WRONG. Although linear temporality is present in this work, in the excerpt above this resource was not used.

C) One of the main characteristics of Modernism is the boastful, exaggerated nationalism, which goes against any denunciation of delay. Although Macunaíma recognizes the Brazilian people's shortcomings, the text does not include any criticism related to the reference made to fauna.

D) The excerpt does not include the description of the characters. The language used in Macunaíma is characteristic of Modernism, which challenges the reader with folkloric elements.

E) CORRECT. This is considered Macunaíma's raw material: the use of folkloric aspects, as they contribute to the creation of the Brazilian cultural identity.

Art

art history

Art History: definition, aspects and periods
art in prehistory
medieval art
artistic renaissance
Modern Art
Contemporary art
Graffiti (Urban Art)
postmodernism

European artistic vanguards

European vanguards
Expressionism
Fauvism
Cubism
futurism
Dadaism
Surrealism
Exercises on European vanguards

The art and types of art

What is art?
Types of art
What is architecture?
What is dancing?
What is painting?
What is sacred art?
What are visual arts?
What is literature?
performance in the arts
Music history
history of sculpture
theater history
Cinema's history
history of photography
Comic

Are you interested in knowing more about the arts discipline at Enem? check out Arts in Enem: what to study. See also a text with selected questions and answers commented by experts: Arts Exercises in Enem.

Art issues that fell in Enem

1. (Enem/2015)

_{LEONILSON. The recruit, the spider and the penelope. Embroidery on fabric, 1992. Available at www.projetoleonilson.com.br. Accessed on Aug. 2012.}

The work of artist Leonilson (1953-1993) is present in the panorama of Brazilian and international art. In this work, he used the technical skill of hand embroidery to

A) Obtaining straight parallel lines.
B) valuation of the straight line.
C) exploration of different textures.
D) obtaining the asymmetric equilibrium.
E) homogeneous inscription of forms and words

See Answer

Correct alternative: D) obtaining asymmetric equilibrium.

A) WRONG. We can observe that embroidery is not concerned with presenting straight lines.

B) WRONG. Observing the embroidery, we see that there is no concern with displaying a straight line.
C) WRONG. The artist does not show the intention to explore many textures in his composition either.
D) CORRECT. Leonilson's work presents the resource of asymmetry through embroidery, suggesting a very spontaneous creation, with the enhancement of manual and organic work.
E) WRONG. Observing this work, we see that the artist does not exhibit homogeneous forms and words.

2. (Enem/2015)

In 1866, having finished his studies at the School of Fine Arts in Paris, Pedro Américo offered the canvas A Carioca to Emperor Pedro II, in recognition of his patron. The female nude obeyed the canons of great art and intended to be a female allegory of nationality. The canvas, however, was rejected as immoral and licentious: even though it did not escape the 19th century rule regarding nudity in the work of art, A Carioca could not, therefore, be absorbed immediately. The tangible sensuality of the female figure, close to the Orientalism so in vogue in Europe, clashed not only with the moral limits, but also with the aesthetic and cultural orientation of the Empire. Which shocked the most: frontal nudity or a nude so cool of what was desired as acceptable national nudity, for example, that of romantic indigenous figures? Carioca offered a body that was both ideal and obscene: the tall one - an immaterial beauty - and the short one - an excessive carnality. It suggested a mixture of styles that, without breaking the rule of artistic decorum, insinuated on the canvas something inappropriate to the official symbolic repertoire. Could the exotic brunette, who is not Indian - neither mulatto nor black - represent a Brazilian female visuality and enjoy a prominent place in the imagination of our "tropical monarchy"?

_{OLIVEIRA, C. Available in: http://anpuh.org.br. Accessed on: 20 May 2015.}

The text reveals that the acceptance of the representation of the beautiful in the work of art is conditioned to the

A) incorporation of major theoretical currents of a time, granting legitimacy to the artist's work.
B) the timelessness of the theme addressed by the artist, guaranteeing permanence to the art object elaborated at that time.
C) insertion of artistic production in an aesthetic and ideological project determined by external factors.
D) the painter's appropriation of the great universal themes that are already recurrent in an artistic aspect.
E) assimilation of techniques and resources already used by previous movements that dealt with the theme.

See Answer

Correct alternative: C) insertion of artistic production in an aesthetic and ideological project determined by external factors.

A) WRONG. It is not necessarily because an artist produces a work following the trends of major theoretical strands that his work will have legitimacy.
B) WRONG. Timelessness often does not occur with regard to the concept of beauty in art. As an example, we have works in certain periods of humanity in which the fat body was worshiped as the ideal of beauty, which was modified over the years.
C) CORRECT. What determines the acceptance of a work and the concept of beauty at a certain historical moment are external causes, social and cultural context of that particular context, taking into account the ideological purpose of this society.
D) WRONG. Great themes of art are and will always be used by artists. This does not guarantee that your works will be accepted and recognized.
E) WRONG. Techniques and resources already explored also do not guarantee that the works will be accepted and recognized.

See too: Enem: everything you need to know

PE

sports

Athletics
Badminton
Basketball
Baseball
Capoeira
Fencing
Soccer
futsal
Fitness
Handball
Volleyball

dances

African dances
folk dances
circle dance

Physical exercises

The importance of physical activity for health
Labor gymnastics

Contemporary body pattern

Obesity

Physical education issues that fell in Enem

1. (Enem/ 2011)

In modernity, the body was discovered, stripped and shaped by fashionable physical exercises. New spaces and sports and gymnastics practices started to call people to shape their bodies. Gyms, weight rooms and the number of people running through the streets multiplied.

_{SECRETARY OF EDUCATION. F. Teacher's notebook. PE. São Paulo, 2008.}

Given the above, it is possible to see that there was an increase in demand for

A) aquatic physical exercises (swimming/water aerobics), which are low-impact exercises, avoiding the friction (not harming the joints), and that prevent premature aging and improve the quality of life.
B) mechanisms that allow the combination of diet and physical exercise, which allow the acquisition and maintenance of adequate levels of health, without concern for socially established standards of beauty.
C) healthy weight loss programs, which prevent damage to metabolic regulation, immune function, bone integrity and maintenance of functional capacity throughout the aging.
D) relaxation exercises, postural re-education and stretching, which allow for better functioning of the body as a whole, as well as a healthy diet and healthy habits based on products. natural.
E) diets that advocate the excessive or restricted intake of one or more macronutrients (carbohydrates, fats or proteins), as well as exercises that allow an increase in muscle mass and/or body.

See Answer

Correct alternative: E) diets that advocate excessive or restricted intake of one or more macronutrients (carbohydrates, fats or proteins), as well as exercises that allow an increase in muscle mass and/or model the body.

A) WRONG. The text presented in the question does not mention at any time the preference for low-impact water sports that prevent aging.

B) WRONG. The text of the statement precisely points to the growing intention of shaping the body and suggests a concern with aesthetics.

C) WRONG. What is in place is not the concern with aging, but with shaping the body, meeting the standards of beauty.

D) WRONG. The intention shown in the text is not to improve the organism as a whole, but to modify it in order to meet an aesthetic standard.

E) RIGHT. Restrictive diets and exercises that contribute to the increase in muscle mass provide changes in the body. In the same way as the text of the statement suggests, when it says that people are seeking to model their bodies in modernity.

2. (Enem 2013)

Teenagers: taller, fatter and lazy

The offer of industrialized products and the lack of time play a part in increasing the silhouette of young people. “Our eating habits, in general, have changed a lot”, observes Vivian Ellinger, president of the Brazilian Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism (SBEM), in Rio de Janeiro. Research shows that, here in Brazil, we are exaggerating salt and sugar, in addition to drinking little milk and eating less fruits and beans.

Another sin, an old acquaintance of those who exhibit excess fat because of gluttony, appears as a mark of the new generation: laziness. “One hundred percent of the girls who participate in the Program did not practice any sport”, reveals psychologist Cristina Freire, who monitors the emotional development of the volunteers.

You probably already know the consequences of a sedentary, fat-filled routine. “And it's not news that obese people have a shorter survival time”, believes Claudia Cozer, an endocrinologist at the Brazilian Association for the Study of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome. But if five years ago studies projected a bleak future for young people, in the current scenario, diseases that would come in old age are already part of their routine. “Adolescents are already suffering from hypertension and diabetes”, exemplifies Claudia.

_{UNBALANCED, P. Health Magazine. Available in: http://saude.abril.com.br. Accessed on: July 28 2012 (adapted).}

Regarding the relationship between the habits of the adolescent population and their health conditions, the information presented in the text indicates that

A) the lack of physical activity added to a nutritionally unbalanced diet are factors related to the onset of chronic diseases among adolescents.
B) decreased consumption of carbohydrate-rich foods combined with increased consumption of protein-rich foods contributed to the increase in obesity among adolescents.
C) the greater participation of industrialized and fatty foods in the adolescent population's diet has reduced the consumption of salts and sugars, which impairs the metabolic balance.
D) the occurrence of cases of hypertension and diabetes among adolescents stems from eating conditions, while in the adult population, hereditary factors are preponderant.
E) the regular practice of physical activity is an important factor in controlling diabetes among the adolescent population, as it causes a constant increase in systolic blood pressure.

See Answer

Correct alternative: A) the lack of physical activity added to a nutritionally unbalanced diet are factors related to the onset of chronic diseases among adolescents.

A) CORRECT. The text indicates precisely that young people are eating worse and not exercising, which contributes to the increase in chronic diseases such as diabetes and hypertension.

B) WRONG. The text does not point out that decreasing carbohydrates and increasing protein increase obesity. Also because such eating habits do not contribute to excess weight.

C) WRONG. The consumption of industrialized and ultra-processed foods does not reduce the intake of salts and sugar, on the contrary, it increases the levels of these substances, which are harmful to health.

D) WRONG. The text does not suggest that the acquisition of diseases such as hypertension and diabetes comes from different factors in adults and adolescents.

E) WRONG. Practicing physical activities does not increase blood pressure.

Foreign language (English/Spanish)

English

Adjectives in English (Adjectives)
adverbs in english
Definite and Indefinite Articles in English
Conditional sentences
Idioms in English
Genitive case
If clauses
Indefinite Pronouns
The most used modal verbs in English
The best podcasts for learning English
Phrasal verbs
English prepositions
English pronouns
Greetings in English
question tags
Verbal Tenses in English
English auxiliary verbs
Regular and Irregular English Verbs
130 most used nouns in English

know better about How to study English at Enem.

Spanish

Adjectives in Spanish (Los Adjectives)
adverbs in spanish
Apocope
Definite and Indefinite Articles in Spanish
False Cognates in Spanish (False Friends)
months of the year in spanish
Spanish prepositions
Main slang in Spanish (Spain and Latin America)
Spanish demonstrative pronouns
Personal Pronouns in Spanish
Possessive Pronouns in Spanish
Nouns in Spanish (Los Sustantivos)
Verbs in Spanish (Verbos en Español)
Irregular Spanish Verbs
Regular Verbs in Spanish
20 most used verbs in Spanish

Check out the Infallible tips for you to rock the Enem Spanish test.

Foreign language issues that fell on Enem

1. (Enem/2015)

First Footing

One of the major Hogmanay customs was "first-footing". Shortly after "the bells" - the stroke of midnight when public clocks would chime to signal the start of the new year -, neighbors would visit one another's houses to wish each other a good new year. This visiting was known as "first-footing", and the luckiest first-foot into any house was a tall, dark and handsome man - perhaps as a reward to the woman who traditionally had spent the previous day scrubbing her house (another Hogmanay ritual). Women or red heads, however, were always considered bad luck as first-foots.
First foots brought symbolic gifts to "handsel", the house: coal for the fire, to ensure that the house would be warm and safe, and shortbread or black bun (a type of fruit cake) to symbolize that the household would never go hungry that year.
First-footing has faded in recent years, particularly with the growth of the major street celebrations in Edinburgh and Glasgow, although not the Scots love of a good party, of which there are plenty on the night!

_{Available at: www.visitscotland.com. Accessed on: Nov. 23 2011.}

From reading the text on the celebration of the New Year in Scotland, it is observed that, over time, aspects of a people's culture can be

A) passed on to other peoples.
B) replaced by other practices.
C) reinforced by new generations.
D) valued by local traditions.
E) represented by popular festivals.

See Answer

Correct alternative: B) replaced by other practices.

A) WRONG. According to the information transmitted in the text, where it is stated that "First-footing has faded in recent years" (O first-footing, Scottish habit of visiting New Year, disappeared in recent years), we can conclude that sometimes aspects of a people's culture do not survive even among their own population. There is no reference in the text about the “transfer” of these aspects to other peoples.

B) CORRECT. To arrive at the correct answer, just understand the following paragraph: "First-footing has faded in recent years, particularly with the growth of the major street celebrations in Edinburgh and Glasgow, although not the Scots love a good party, of which there are plenty on the night!" The excerpt states that the first-footing, a Scottish habit of visiting New Year's, is a habit that has faded in recent years, especially given the growth of large street celebrations in Edinburgh and Glasglow. Thus, it can be said that the first-footing it was replaced by other practices: street parties.

C) WRONG. Bearing in mind that the text states that "First-footing has faded in recent years” (First-footing disappeared in recent years), we can conclude that aspects of a people's culture they can be lost over time, that is, there are no guarantees that they will be reinforced by the new generations.

D) WRONG. From the phrase "First-footing has faded in recent years, particularly with the growth of the major street celebrations in Edinburgh and Glasgow”. (O first-footing, the Scottish habit of visiting New Year's, has disappeared in recent years, especially due to the growth of large celebrations. in Edinburgh and Glasglow), we can conclude that aspects of a people's culture may not be valued by local traditions. That's what happened with the first-footing, whose valorization was replaced by the valorization of street parties.

E) WRONG. In the excerpt "First-footing has faded in recent years, particularly with the growth of the major street celebrations in Edinburgh and Glasgow" (O first-footing, the Scottish habit of visiting New Year's Eve, has disappeared in recent years, especially due to the growth of large street celebrations in Edinburgh and Glasglow), the text shows that, instead of being represented by popular festivals, aspects of a people's culture can be replaced by they. That's what happened with the first-footing, which lost space to the Edinburgh and Glasglow street parties.

2. (Enem/2015)

The languages exist to communicate and to maintain the cultural diversity of the societies. Losing a language is to lose part of the cultural heritage of the pueblos, so that an online collaboration project has become the goal of protecting the world's linguistic diversity.

According to the experts, in 2100 only the half of the languages that remain alive in the present day will be released, due to the importance of this initiative.

In the world there are more than 3,000 languages in danger of extinction, but technology can boost their use and conservation. Thanks to the digitization of documents, recording of videos and audio in high quality, and the ability to share them with the rest of the world is expected that many languages that only speak or write thousands of people in the caigan in el olvido and are avowed to it disappearance.

This is the case of the extinct language Miami-Illinois, which hablaban communities of American Indians in the current Midwest of the United States and whose last speakers died in the decade of them 1960. A few years later, a citizen of the Miami tribune of Oklahoma learned the language through manuscripts and now tries to revitalize the language based on audio files, reports. It's a solo example, but it can serve as a showcase for other works and the use of technology and red with linguistic finesses.

_{Available at: www.muyinteresante.es. Accessed on: July 22 2012 (adapted).}

More than a form of communication, a people's language is the mark of their culture. In this sense, the text informs about (a)

A) use of technology as a tool for the conservation of endangered languages.
B) importance of valuing the oral language for the conservation of a people's culture.
C) how the Miami-Illinois language survived the threat of extinction.
D) natural evolution of languages, their adaptations and their possible disappearance.
E) tendency to replace traditional means of communication with digital tools.

See Answer

Correct alternative: A) use of technology as a tool for the conservation of endangered languages.

A) CORRECT: When we understand the excerpt "Thanks to the digitization of documents, recording of videos and audio in high quality, and the ability to share them with the rest of the world is expected that many languages that only speak or write thousands of people in the caigan in el olvido and are avowed to it disappearance.” (Thanks to digitizing documents, recording videos and audio in high quality, and the ability to share them with the rest of the world, it is expected that many languages that are only written or spoken by a thousand people, do not fall by the wayside and do not run the risk of disappear.), we can conclude that the text informs about the use of technology as a tool for the conservation of languages in the process of extinction.

B) WRONG: The text does not inform about the importance of valuing the oral language for the conservation of culture of a people, but rather on a technology-based initiative, which aims to conserve the languages. This information is clear in the following excerpt: "Losing a language is to lose part of the cultural heritage of the pueblos, so that an online collaboration project has become the goal of protecting the world's linguistic diversity. According to the experts, in 2100 only the half of the languages that remain alive in the present day will be released, hence the importance of this initiative.” (Losing a language is losing part of the cultural heritage of peoples, and for this reason, an online collaboration project set as a goal the protection of the world's linguistic diversity. According to experts, in 2100 only half of today's languages will be spoken, which is why this initiative is important.)

C) WRONG: In fact, the Miami-Illinois language did not survive the threat of extinction. According to the information indicated in the text, it was extinguished and later a work for their recovery through the use of technology, as we can see in this excerpt: "This is the case of the extinct language Miami-Illinois, which hablaban communities of American Indians in the current Midwest of the United States and whose last speakers died in the decade of them 1960. A few years later, a citizen of the Miami tribune of Oklahoma learned the language through manuscripts and now tries to revitalize the language based on audio files, reports.” (This is the case of the extinct Miami-Illinois language, spoken by the American Indian communities of the current Midwest of the United States, whose last speakers died in the 1960s. Years later, a citizen of the Miami tribe of Oklahoma learned the language through manuscripts, and now tries to revitalize the language based on audio files, reports.)

D) WRONG: Of the three issues referred to in this alternative (natural evolution of languages, their adaptations and its possible disappearance), the only theme informed by the text is the possible disappearance of some languages. Note the part of the text that addresses this subject: "According to the experts, in 2100 only the half of the languages that live in the present will be available...” (According to experts, in 2100 only half of today's languages will be spoken…)

E) WRONG: The text does not inform about any trend towards the replacement of traditional media by digital tools. As far as digital tools are concerned, what the text tells us is how much digital tools and technology in general can be beneficial to language conservation. This information can be seen in the following excerpt: "Thanks to the digitization of documents, recording of videos and audio in high quality, and the ability to share them with the rest of the world is expected that many languages that only speak or write thousands of people in the caigan in el olvido and are avowed to it disappearance.” (Thanks to digitizing documents, recording videos and audio in high quality, and the ability to share them with the rest of the world, it is expected that many languages that are only written or spoken by a thousand people, do not fall by the wayside and do not run the risk of to vanish.)

Information and Communication Technology

Digital Genres
Textual Genre Email
Internet history
television history
radio history
phone history
Digital inclusion
Media
Social networks

TICS issues that fell in Enem

1. (Enem/2011)

language change

Ataliba de Castilho, a Portuguese language professor at USP, explains that Internetese is part of the language's natural metamorphosis.

— With the Internet, language follows the path of change phenomena, such as what happened to "you", which became the unstressed pronoun "you". Now, the Interneter can help reduce spelling excesses, and we know that there are many. Why is the graphic accent so important for writing? We've already had moments in Brazil that are even more exacerbated by accents and we dispense with many of them. As every word is contextualized by the speaker, we can dispense with many others. The Interneter shows a way, as he makes a curious marriage between orality and scripturality. Internetese may even make communication more efficient in the future. Or evolve into a complex jargon, which, instead of bringing people together in a shorter time, encourages the isolation of initiates and the exclusion of laymen.

For Castilho, however, it will not be a spelling reform that will make the change we need in the language. It will be the internet. The way is tc and wait and see?

_{Available in: http://revistalingua.com.br. Accessed on: June 3 2015 (adapted).}

In the interview, the fragment "What is the way to wait and see?" is intended to

A) illustrate the language of internet users that can change spellings.
B) show the dangers of the language of the internet as an enhancer of writing difficulties.
C) show a form of social exclusion for people with low writing proficiency.
D) explain that this is a linguistic error because it does not match the formal pattern presented throughout the text.
E) to exemplify writing difficulties of internet users who are unaware of the standard norm structures.

See Answer

Correct alternative: A) illustrate the language of internet users that can change spellings.

A) CORRECT. From the fragment, professor Ataliba Castilho seeks to create an image that represents the internet language on which the text is developed. The use of “eh” and “tc” serve as an example of this new possibility of communication capable of promoting the “natural metamorphosis of language”.

B) WRONG. On the contrary, the author claims that the change proposed by the language of the internet can avoid the orthographic excesses of the Portuguese language, making writing easier.

C) WRONG. The fragment shows that the act of communicating is more important than spelling rules. Thus, writing difficulties that are related to an inadequacy of grammatical norms may cease to exist, in a certain respect, if the issue of communication is related only to understanding.

D) WRONG. Throughout the text, Professor Castilho is in favor of change, understanding it as a natural change. Therefore, the use of this new way of writing, even though it differs from the rest of the text, fulfills a positive function, as an affirmation of change, and not as a representation of an error.

E) WRONG. Despite the warning about the possibility of exclusion, due to lack of knowledge of the use of the language, that the author makes to the throughout the text, its use in the quoted fragment brings with it the idea that it is a change that is easy to understand and assimilation.

2. (Enem/2015)

Beyond the Information Revolution

The impact of the Information Revolution is just beginning. But the driving force behind this impact is not information technology, artificial intelligence, the effect of computers on decision making or policy or strategy making. It's something virtually no one predicted, not even talked about 10 or 15 years ago: e-commerce — the explosive emergence of the internet as an important, perhaps primary, worldwide distribution channel for products, services and, surprisingly, high-quality jobs. managerial. This new reality is profoundly changing economies, markets and sectoral structures, products and services and their flow, segmentation, values and consumer behavior, the market of work.

The impact, however, can be even greater on societies and business policies and, above all, on the way we view the world and ourselves within it. The psychological impact of the Information Revolution, like that of the Industrial Revolution, was enormous. Perhaps it was stronger in the way children learn. As early as 4 years old (and sometimes even earlier), children develop computer skills, soon surpassing their parents. Computers are your toys and your learning tools. 50 years from now, we may conclude that there has been no educational crisis in the world—just an incongruity has occurred. growing between the way 20th century schools taught and the way children at the end of the 20th century learned

_{DRUCKER, P. The best of Peter Drucker: complete work. São Paulo: Nobel, 2002.}

The article presents a reflection on the Information Revolution, which, like the Industrial Revolution, caused significant impacts on contemporary societies. When dealing with the Information Revolution, the author emphasizes that

A) e-commerce is one of the most important channels of this revolution.
B) the computer develops in the child an intelligence greater than that of the parents.
C) the increase in the number of jobs via the internet is currently a reality.
D) the educational collapse is the result of an incongruity in teaching in the 20th century.
E) the advent of the Information Revolution will impact the next 50 years.

See Answer

Correct alternative: A) e-commerce is one of the most important channels of this revolution.

A) CORRECT. In the text, Peter Drucker states that the change in the way of life and social organization does not happen through information technology, artificial intelligence or the way computers affect people. The information revolution is driven by electronic commerce.

B) WRONG. What the author says, in relation to children and their parents, is the difference between computing skills that are not directly linked to intelligence.

C) WRONG. The “explosive emergence of the internet” provides a change in the labor market that may be related to management-level jobs, but the author does not claim the increase in the number of jobs.

D) WRONG. Peter Drucker does not share the idea that there is certainly an educational meltdown. It raises the possibility that it is just a moment of transition and readjustment.

E) WRONG. What the author says is that this is a period of effervescence and change, but that things tend to restructure. Fifty years from now, time will allow for a distant analysis of this event that cannot be seen now.

How are these themes charged in Enem?

The main objective of this test is to verify if the participant is able to apply the knowledge acquired so far in real life in society.

Enem's approach is not usually very different between Languages, Codes and their Technologies tests over the years.

An important point is to be aware of the movements of literature and corresponding artistic movements.

Another key point is the importance of foreign language issues. The language is chosen by the participant. This part of the test consists of 5 questions where texts in the foreign language are presented and questions related to them are asked.

The text can be in prose, but it can also be a cartoon or song lyrics, for example.

As the subjects that fall the most on Enem are often related to current affairs, it is advisable to keep up-to-date with news through, for example, sites like BBC, CNN, Newsweek, etc.

How to study Languages, Codes and their Technologies for Enem?

Bearing in mind that the content is mostly from the Humanities area, a large part of the study addresses man as a social being, so the best way to study for the Languages, Codes and their Technologies test is through a lot of reading and lots of practice (old and simulated tests).

Regarding the contents of Information Technology, it's important to stay informed about the impact and changes that have taken place over the years after digital resources began to integrate into people's daily lives.

Within the scope of PE, it is important to be aware of the general aspects of physical activity. A good option is to search for articles on the Internet that talk, for example, about the social impact of physical activity, body patterns, physical fitness, sports, fights, etc. Also look for questions from old proofs to be on top of the topics covered recently.

Finally, in the area of Art, it is important to be aware of the importance of artistic diversity of different social and ethnic groups.

Contemporary art was one of the most discussed issues in recent years, so it is worth studying this content as well. Watching documentaries and the like can also be a good option.

Post 1970 Brazilian art and Modernism have also been prominent themes.

Interested in reading more content that can help you succeed in the Enem test? Be sure to read the texts below!