Do the exercises below and assess your knowledge of verbal and nominal conducting using the commented feedback.
question 1
(VUNESP/ 2020)
Suppose the photo and text below are part of a tourist newsletter.
Those interested in getting to know Ilha Fiscal should head to the historic center of the city, where the Navy's Cultural Space is located, ____ which boats take tourists to the island depart for a monitored visit, ____ duration is approximately two hours.
In order for the text to be written in accordance with the standard rule, the gaps must be filled, respectively, by:
a) the … in the … with which the
b) to … to … whose
c) with … from … where
d) on … of … whose
e) in … in … with which the
Correct alternative: d) in … of … whose
Check the explanations below and understand the correct rulership of each gap.
“... interested in knowing...”
With the name “interested”, we can use two complements: the prepositions “in” and “by”. Who is interested, is interested in something/someone, or is interested in something/someone.
In the text, the preposition “in” is ruled, that is, claimed by the word “interested” and establishes a connection between “interested” and “knowing”; “interested” is the ruling term and “in knowing” is the ruling term.
This relationship between a name (stakeholders) and a complement (in) is called nominal conducting.
“... Cultural Space of the Navy, ____ which ships depart...”
When the verb “to leave” means to leave, to withdraw; leaving, its complement requires the preposition “from”: who leaves, leaves somewhere.
Thus, the verb "partir" is the ruling term, that is, it requires a complement formed by de + local (governed term) to be used: the vessels depart from the Cultural Space of the Navy - "depart" is the regent term and "from the Cultural Space of the Navy" is the term governed.
When there is a subordinate relationship between a verb and a complement (which can be an adverbial adjunct, a direct object or an indirect object), we have a case of verbal rulership.
“… a monitored visit, ____ duration is approximately two hours.”
In the sentence, “whose” has the function of a relative pronoun; is used to avoid the repetition of the terms “a monitored visit” and to synthesize the phrase. Note the difference:
“… a monitored visit, and the duration of the monitored visit is approximately two hours.
"... a monitored visit, which lasts approximately two hours."
question 2
Identify whether the sentences below have verbal or nominal conduction:
a) He always disobeys his grandparents
b) We heard the story and were appalled.
c) What are you doubting?
d) I live far from my parents.
Right answer:
a) She always disobeys her grandparents - verbal Regency
b) We heard the story and were appalled. - verbal Regency
c) I live far from my parents. - nominal regency
d) What are you doubting? - verbal Regency
e) He is disgusted with life. - nominal regency
f) I don't feel up to the job. - nominal regency
Check the explanations:
a) She always disobeys her grandparents - verbal regency
When a sentence has a subordinate relationship between a verb (disobeys) and a complement (to grandparents), we have a case of verbal rulership.
The verb “disobey” requires the use of a complement; whoever disobeys, disobeys something or someone; “disobey” is the ruling term and “grandparents” is the ruled term.
NOTE: ao = a (preposition) + os (article).
b) We heard the whole story. - verbal Regency
The first indication that the sentence has verbal rulership is the fact that none of the elements is a preposition. Whenever the regency is nominal, there is a relationship between a prepositioned complement and a name (adjective, adverb or noun).
Observe the sentence and see that the regent term is a verb (we hear) and the ruled term is a complement that has a direct object function (the story). This relationship between a verb and a complement characterizes verbal rulership.
c) I live far from my parents. - nominal regency
The regent term of the phrase is a name, which has the function of an adverb (far). Who lives far away, lives far from something/someone.
Therefore, we have a relationship between a name (far) and a complement (from my parents); this characterizes a nominal conducting.
d) What are you doubting? - verbal Regency
In the sentence, the regent term is an indirect transitive verb (doubting). Anyone who doubts, doubts something. Thus, “doubt” is a ruling term and requires a prepositioned complement (the ruled term “of what?).
When the existing relationship is between a verb and a complement, the conducting is verbal.
e) He is disgusted with life. - nominal regency
Note that the term regent is a name and it has the function of an adjective: disgusted. Whoever is disgusted, is disgusted with something. In the sentence, “disgusted” is the ruling term and “of life” is the ruled term.
Whenever there is a relationship between a name (adjective, adverb or noun) and a complement, the conducting is nominal.
f) I don't feel up to the job. - nominal regency
The word “apt” (name with the function of an adjective) is the ruling term of the sentence. Whoever feels fit, feels fit for/for something. Therefore, the adjective “suitable” requires the use of a prepositioned complement (for the position). Such a complement is the governed term.
Where there is a relationship between a name and a complement, the conducting is nominal.
See too: Verbal Regency and Nominal Regency
question 3
(IBADE/2018)
According to the cultured norm, the verb highlighted in the excerpt: “even to put into practice what WE BELIEVE”, accepts another regency; therefore, it would also be correct:
a) what we believe.
b) what we believe.
c) what we believe.
d) what we believe.
e) for what we believe
Correct alternative: d) what we believe.
Whoever believes, believes in something/someone. Therefore, according to the cultured norm, the verb “believe” may also require a complement with a preposition. Note the rewritten sentence:
“... put into practice what we believe.”
The relationship between a verb and a complement is called verbal rulership.
question 4
Identify if the sentences below are RIGHT or WRONG:
a) The regent term is the name or verb to which the complement is subordinate.
b) The term governed is the complement of a noun or a verb.
c) The nominal regency is the relationship between a name and a regent term.
d) Verbal rulership is the relationship between a verb and a ruling term.
e) The regency of a verb is directly related to its transitivity
Right answer:
a) The regent term is the name or verb to which the complement is subordinate. CERTAIN
b) The term governed is the complement of a noun or a verb. CERTAIN
c) The nominal regency is the relationship between a name and a regent term. WRONG
d) Verbal rulership is the relationship between a verb and a ruling term. WRONG
e) The regency of a verb is directly related to its transitivity. CERTAIN
Check the explanations:
Right answer:
a) The regent term is the name or verb to which the complement is subordinate. CERTAIN
The regent term is one that requires a complement to have a certain meaning.
When the regency is nominal, the regent term is a name (adjective, adverb or noun) and the ruled term is a prepositional complement, subordinate to this name.
Example: I'm afraid of the dark.
governing term: fear
Governed term: of dark
In verbal rulership, the ruling term is a verb and the ruled term is a complement, it can be a direct object, an indirect object or an adverbial adjunct.
Example: We arrived at the theater on time.
governing term: we arrived
Governed term: to the theater
b) The term governed is the complement of a noun or a verb. CERTAIN
When the term ruled is the complement of a verb, the rulership is verbal. In this case, it can be a direct object, an indirect object, or an adverbial adjunct.
Example: I'm going to the hospital.
Governing term: I will
Governed Term: at the hospital.
Note that “to the hospital” complements the meaning of the verb “to go”: whoever goes, goes somewhere.
When the term ruled is the complement of a name (adjective, adverb or noun), the rulership is nominal.
Example: I have an aversion to insects.
Governing term: aversion
Governed term: to insects
“to insects” complements the meaning of the name “aversion”; whoever has an aversion, has an aversion to something/someone.
c) The nominal regency is the relationship between a name and a regent term. WRONG
Nominal rulership is the relationship between a name and a ruled term. The name is the ruling term itself.
Example: I'm tired of writing.
governing term: tired out
Governed term: of writing
d) Verbal rulership is the relationship between a verb and a ruling term. WRONG
Verbal rulership is the relationship between a verb and a ruled term. The verb is the ruling term itself.
Example: Tired of writing.
Governing term: tired
Governed term: of writing
e) The regency of a verb is directly related to its transitivity. CERTAIN
The transitivity of a verb indicates, for example, whether it requires complement (transitive verb) or not (intransitive verb).
It also indicates whether it requires a complement with a preposition (indirect transitive verb), or whether it requires a complement without a preposition (direct transitive verb).
Furthermore, transitivity indicates whether such a verb requires more than one complement; one with a preposition and one without (transitive and intransitive verb.)
See too: verbal transitivity
question 5
(UTFPR/2007)
Prague is the city IN WHICH Mozart saw his operas "The Marriage of Figaro" and "Don Giovani" "burst".
The highlighted term can be replaced, without violating the cultured norm or changing the meaning, by
I. on what.
II. When.
III. Where.
It is (are) correct only:
there
b) II
c) III
d) I and III
Correct alternative: d) I and III
The word “when” expresses an idea of time, not an idea of place.
In the sentence, we can observe that “in which” refers to the word “Prague”, which is a city and, therefore, a term that can be representative of place. The same applies to the word “where”.
question 6
In the sentence below, identify the term regent and the term governed, and indicate whether the regency is verbal or nominal.
I have a degree in Letters.
Right answer:
- Governing term: licensed
- Governed term: in Letters
- Regency type: nominal regency
Nominal rulership is the relationship between a name (ruling term) and a complement (ruling term). This complement always starts with a preposition.
question 7
(EEAR 2017)
Read:
And there they are again, the four lovely puppies. Rose, the most chipmunk, always calls the others to play. Ruth, barking insults, prefers a good run across the lawn to the doldrums of peaceful sleep. Ciça, in the warmth of her advancing age, obeys the call of her bed and goes to lie there with the languid gaze of indifference. Vilma, on the other hand, is more peaceful and aspires to the tranquility of the hot afternoons that summer presents to us.
The verb referring to
a) Rose
b) Ruth
c) Ciça
d) Vilma
Correct alternative: c) Ciça
Understand the regency of the highlighted verbs:
- Call: direct transitive verb; does not need complement with preposition. Who calls, calls something or someone.
- to prefer: direct and indirect transitive verb; need more than one add-on; one with preposition (indirect object) and one without (direct object). Who prefers, prefers one thing to the other.
- to obey: indirect transitive verb; need a complement with preposition. Whoever obeys, obeys something or someone.
- aspire: indirect transitive verb; need complement with preposition. Who aspires, aspires to something.
See too: direct transitive verb, Indirect transitive verb and Direct and indirect transitive verb
question 8
In the sentence below, identify the term regent and the term governed, and indicate whether the regency is verbal or nominal.
I forgot your name.
Right answer:
- governing term: forgot it
- Governed term: your name
- Regency type: verbal Regency
Verbal rulership is the relationship between a verb (ruling term) and a complement (ruling term). This complement can be prepositioned or not.
question 9
(FUVEST/2001)
The only sentence that does NOT deviate from the regency (nominal and verbal) recommended by the cultured norm is:
a) The governor insisted that the main issue would be “the great national issues”, with which the leaders of the Pefelistas disagreed.
b) While Cuba monopolized the attention of a club, which it did not even ask to join, the situation in other countries went unnoticed.
c) In search of personal fulfillment, professionals hand-pick where to work, prioritizing companies with social performance.
d) A homeless family discovered a sofa left by a resident not very aware of the cleanliness of the city.
e) The film's script offers a version of how we managed to one day prefer the road to the house, passion and dream over the rule, adventure over repetition.
Correct alternative: e) The film's script offers a version of how we managed to one day prefer the road to the house, passion and dream to the rule, adventure to repetition.
Check out the explanations below:
a) The governor insisted that the main issue would be “the great national issues”, with which the leaders of the Pefelistas disagreed.
The ruling of the verb “disagree” requires the use of the preposition “of”; whoever disagrees, disagrees with something.
Therefore, the correct phrase would be: The governor insisted that the main issue would be “the great national issues”, with which Pelst leaders disagreed.
If we reorder the sentence, this deviation from the regency becomes more noticeable. Compare:
- Pefelista leaders disagreed with the big national issues. (WRONG)
- Pefelista leaders disagreed on the big national issues. (CORRECT)
b) While Cuba monopolized the attention of a club, which it did not even ask to join, the situation in other countries went unnoticed.
The regency of the verb to integrate requires the use of the preposition; who integrates, integrates to something (adapts to something as a member).
Therefore, to be correct according to the cultured norm, the phrase should be: While Cuba monopolized the attention of a club, which he did not even ask to join, the situation in other countries has passed unnoticed.
Another possibility also admitted by the cultured norm is the use of the verb “to integrate” with a complement without a preposition. Check the two options (both correct):
- He didn't ask to join the club. (no preposition)
- He didn't ask to join the club. (with preposition)
c) In search of personal fulfillment, professionals hand-pick where to work, prioritizing companies with social performance.
The rulership of the verb “prioritize” does not require a preposition, so the use of “à” is incorrect; who prioritizes, prioritizes something (no preposition is used).
Another mistake in the phrase is the use of “where”. The verb “to work” does not indicate movement and, therefore, the word “where” should have been used.
Therefore, see the rewritten sentence according to the cultured norm:
"In search of personal fulfillment, professionals hand-pick where to work, prioritizing companies with social performance."
d) A homeless family discovered a sofa left by a resident not very aware of the cleanliness of the city.
“Conscious” is a name that serves as an adjective. Its rulership requires the preposition “of”; whoever is aware is aware of something.
To comply with the cultured norm, the sentence should be written as follows: "A homeless family discovered a sofa left by a resident not very aware of the cleanliness of the house. City."
e) The film's script offers a version of how we managed to one day prefer the road to the house, passion and dream over the rule, adventure over repetition.
All rules of this sentence are correct and in accordance with the cultured normal.
question 10
Tick the alternative in which the verbal regency is in accordance with the cultured norm
I prefer tennis ________ soccer.
a) than
b) the
c) to
d) of what
Correct alternative: b) a
The regency of the verb “prefer” requires two complements: one without a preposition (the direct object "tennis") and one with a preposition (the indirect object "to soccer").
See too:
- Exercises on nominal conducting (with template)
- Verbal Conducting Exercises
- Verbal transitivity exercises
- transitive verbs
- intransitive verbs