THE text interpretation it involves reading and understanding written texts.
Check below 23 exercises on textual, entrance exam and Enem interpretation, as well as unpublished exercises elaborated and commented by our specialist professors.
question 1
(Fuvest - 2014) The “post-modern” civilization has culminated in an undeniable progress, which was not realized in its entirety beforehand. At the same time, under the “misuse” of science, technology and the capacity for invention, it plunged us into inexorable moral misery. Those who condemn science, technology and creative invention for this misery ignore the challenges that exploded with monopoly capitalism in its third phase.
On precognitive dry pages, E. Mandel1 pointed out such risks. The “free play of the market” (which is not and has never been “free”) has ripped the wombs of victims: millions of human beings in rich countries and a larger carload of millions in poor countries. The center ended up fabricating its intrinsic periphery and took over, as it did not even under the direct colonial regime, the other external peripheries, which encompass almost the entire “rest of the world”.
1: Ernest Ezra Mandel (1923-1995): Belgian economist and political activist.
The use of quotation marks in a given expression can even serve to indicate that it
I. was used by the author with some kind of restriction;
II. it belongs to the jargon of a certain area of knowledge;
III. it contains a pejorative sense, not assumed by the author.
Consider the following instances of using quotation marks present in the text:
THE. “postmodern” (L. 1);
B. “misuse” (L. 2);
Ç. “free play of the market” (L.6);
D. “free” (L. 7);
AND. “rest of the world” (L. 9).
The modalities I, II and III of the use of quotation marks, listed above, are verified, respectively, in
a) A, C and E
b) B, C and D
c) C, D and E
d) A, B and E
e) B, D and A
Correct alternative: a) A, C and E
The use of quotation marks in the text indicate some of the author's intentions:
“Postmodern”: the author understands that there are still some restrictions on the use of this term, either because it is uncertain or not very accepted by the academic community. The term postmodern indicates a phase that began after modernism, however, some authors refer to this moment as “contemporaneity”.
“Free market game”: the quotation marks were used here because this is an expression used in the economics field and, therefore, it is jargon. It indicates the freedom of the market to act without state intervention.
“Rest of the world”: the author used quotation marks in this expression to indicate that there is a pejorative character in it that he does not share, that is, he does not agree.
question 2
(Enem - 2012) “He was the king's enemy,” in the words of his biographer, Lira Neto. Or, still, “a novelist who collected disaffected, teased D. Pedro II and ended up inventing Brazil”. That was José de Alencar (1829-1877), the well-known author of the guaraní and iracema, considered the father of the novel in Brazil.
In addition to creating classics of Brazilian literature with nativist, Indianist and historical themes, he was also serialist, newspaper director, author of plays, lawyer, federal deputy and even minister of justice. To help discover the multiple facets of this 19th century character, part of his unpublished collection will be digitized.
Living History, no. 99, 2011.
Based on the text, which deals with the role of writer José de Alencar and the future digitization of his work, it appears that
a) the digitization of texts is important so that readers can understand your novels.
b) the well-known author of O Guarani e Iracema was important because he left behind a vast literary work with a timeless theme.
c) the dissemination of José de Alencar's works, through digitalization, demonstrates their importance for the history of Imperial Brazil.
d) the digitization of José de Alencar's texts will play an important role in preserving linguistic memory and national identity.
e) the great novelist José de Alencar is important because he stood out for his Indian theme.
Correct alternative: d) the digitization of José de Alencar's texts will play an important role in preserving linguistic memory and national identity.
The importance of José de Alencar (1829-1877) was not limited to Imperial Brazil (1822-1889). A multifaceted writer, he worked as a journalist, critic, lawyer, playwright and politician, being one of the most important figures in national romantic literature.
For this reason, the digitization of his works will undoubtedly strengthen the preservation of linguistic memory and national identity, making his writings public.
question 3
(Enem - 2012) The substitution of having for having in existential constructions, in Brazilian Portuguese, corresponds to one of the most characteristic processes of history of the Portuguese language, parallel to what had already occurred in relation to the application of the domain of having in the semantic area of “possession”, at the end of the phase archaic.
Mattos e Silva (2001:136) analyzes the victories of having over having and discusses the emergence of existential having, based on the pedagogical work of João de Barros. In texts written in the forties and fifties of the 16th century, there is evidence, albeit rare, of having so much “existential”, not mentioned by the classics. studies of historical syntax, how much there is as an existential verb with agreement, remembered by Ivo Castro, and annotated as “novelty” in the 18th century by Said There.
As can be seen, nothing is categorical and a narrow purism only reveals a deficient knowledge of the language. There are more questions than answers. Can a single, prescriptive norm be conceived? Is it valid to confuse the good use and the norm with the language itself and thus make a critical and hierarchical evaluation of other uses and, through them, of the users? Is one standard replaced by another?
CALLOU, D. Apropos of norm, correction and linguistic prejudice: from the present to the past, In: Cadernos de Letras da UFF, no. 36, 2008. Available at: www.uff.br. Accessed on: Feb 26 2012 (adapted).
For the author, the replacement of "have" by "have" in different contexts shows that
a) the establishment of a norm dispenses with historical research.
b) classical studies of historical syntax emphasize variation and change in language.
c) the critical and hierarchical assessment of the uses of language underlies the definition of the norm.
d) the adoption of a single standard reveals an adequate attitude towards linguistic studies.
e) purist behaviors are harmful to the understanding of the linguistic constitution.
Correct alternative: e) purist behaviors are detrimental to the understanding of the linguistic constitution.
In the author's opinion, language purism brings consequences that hinder linguistic understanding and, therefore, are harmful. This purism is related to the hierarchization of language uses that generates linguistic prejudice among speakers.
question 4
(UERJ - 2016/1) “All avocados are green. The incredible Hulk is green. The incredible Hulk is an avocado.”
Every argument can become sophistry: wrong or inadequate reasoning that leads to false or unfounded conclusions.
The last paragraph of the text is an example of sophistry, considering that, from the observation that all avocados are green, it cannot be deduced that only avocados are green.
This is the kind of sophistry that adopts the following procedure:
a) incorrect enumeration
b) inverted generalization
c) imprecise representation
d) inconsistent example
Correct alternative: b) inverted generalization
In the case of inverted generalization, a hasty general conclusion is reached from a particular situation, whose analyzed sample is very small and it is not possible to sustain a generalization.
In the example above this occurred, which generated a logic error, since the created generalization cannot be used in all possible cases.
question 5
(ETEC - 2017/1) "In a world marked by conflicts in different regions, United Nations peacekeeping operations are the most visible expression of the international community's solidary commitment to the promotion of peace and security.
Although not expressly mentioned in the UN Charter, they function as an instrument to ensure the presence of this organization in areas conflagrations, in order to encourage the conflicting parties to overcome their disputes by peaceful means - which is why they should not be seen as a way of armed intervention."
Accessed on: 26.08.2016. Adapted.
Historically, Brazil sends soldiers to participate in peace operations. In 2004, the United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH) was created by the UN Security Council.
According to the text, this mission was created to
a) to restore Haiti's institutional security and normalcy after successive episodes of political turmoil and violence that marked this country at the beginning of the 21st century.
b) attacking illegal diamond mining in the interior of Haiti, which used child labor in the mines where this ore is found.
c) fight drug trafficking led by the Medellin Cartel, which from Haiti distributed drugs to all Latin American countries.
d) end the chronic environmental problems in Haiti, as that country was the main responsible for environmental pollution in the Caribbean.
e) extinguish the existing slave labor network in Haiti, which used this type of labor in soy and wheat plantations.
Correct alternative: a) re-establish security and institutional normality in Haiti after successive episodes of political turmoil and violence that marked this country at the beginning of the 21st century.
According to the text, the UN (United Nations) is committed to alleviate disputes between some regions and bring peace and security to places involved in conflicts.
Likewise, the United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH) aims to restore security to the area, after years of conflicts and episodes of violence.
question 6
(Fatec - 2013) Read the text to answer the questions.
The labyrinth of manuals
A few months ago I changed my cell phone. A beautiful, small, practical model. According to the seller, he was capable of anything and more. I photographed, made videos, received e-mails and even served as a phone call. I opened the manual, excited. “Now I learn,” I decided, flipping through the 49 pages. In the first one, I tried to execute the functions. Two hours later, I was about to gnaw on the device. The manual tried to predict all the possibilities. It became a maze of instructions!
The following week I tried to turn the bell off. It only increased. I was looking for the vibracall, I didn't think. Someone would just call me and everyone around me would run away, thinking it was the fire alarm! A taxi driver saved me.
"Manual just confuses," he said didactically. – Be curious.
I insisted and finally found out I had been on vibracall for months! The only problem is that now I can't get the bell back!
I currently have a new computer. I did what every minute person would do. I bought a book. On the cover, the promise: “Quick and Easy” – a practical, simple and colorful guide! I resolved: “I will follow each instruction, page by page. What's the point of having a supercomputer if I don't know how to use it?”. When I got to page 20, my head was pounding. The book has 342! Every time I look, it makes me want to cry! Wouldn't it be better to spend the time rereading War and Peace*?
Everything was created to simplify. But even the microwave was difficult. Unless I want to make popcorn, which has its own key. But I can't just eat popcorn! If you still lose weight... What about fax with answering machine? The former was simple. I would press a button and delete messages. The current one requires me to tap one, then another to confirm, and then the first one again! The other day, the light was flashing. I tried to listen to the message. The secretary has fired all the messages since the beginning of the year!
I know that for the kids out there everything seems very simple. But the world is for everyone, isn't it? Maybe someone teaches to understand manuals! Or the way would be to learn only what I really need, and not use all the functions. That's what most people end up doing!
(Walcyr Carrasco, See SP, 19.09.2007. Adapted)
* Book by Russian writer Leo Tolstoy. With over a thousand pages and hundreds of characters, it is considered one of the greatest works in the history of literature.
From the comments made by the narrator, it can be correctly concluded that
a) reading literature masterpieces is a more productive activity than using cell phones and computers.
b) manuals whose various instructions users cannot understand and put into practice are unproductive.
c) the salesperson was convincing, as the narrator bought the cell phone, although he doubted the qualities promised by the device.
d) the computer manual, unlike others of its kind, fulfilled the promise assumed in the words printed on the cover.
e) young people should teach computing to their elders, as, in this way, the latter would understand the basic functions of the equipment.
Correct alternative: b) manuals whose various instructions users cannot understand and put into practice are unproductive.
According to the text, the instruction manuals for the devices are more confusing than helpful and, therefore, they are indicated as “labyrinths” where people get lost.
2) Analyze the statements about excerpts of the text and check the correct one.
a) On - There is a few months, I changed my cell phone. –, the verb to have indicates elapsed time and can be correctly replaced by Fazem.
b) In - Photographed, made videos, received emails and until it was used to call. –, the highlighted term expresses the idea of exclusion.
c) In - Turned a maze of instructions! –, the highlighted term was used in a figurative sense, indicating confusion, incomprehensibility.
d) In - I did what every person thorough would make. –, the highlighted term can be replaced, correctly and without changing the meaning of the text, by limited.
is on - But I can't just eat popcorn! –, the highlighted conjunction expresses the idea of comparison.
Correct alternative: c) In – Turned into a maze of instructions! –, the highlighted term was used in a figurative sense, indicating confusion, incomprehensibility.
The term “labyrinth” was used in the text in its figurative (or connotative) sense, indicating something complex and causing confusion, such as a labyrinth.
question 7
(Fuvest - 2013) The essence of democratic theory is the suppression of any class imposition, founded on the postulate or belief that conflicts and problems human beings – economic, political, or social – are solvable through education, that is, through voluntary cooperation, mobilized by public opinion clarified. It is clear that this public opinion will have to be formed in the light of the best existing knowledge and, thus, scientific research in the fields of natural sciences and so-called social sciences must be the widest, the most vigorous, the freest, and the dissemination of this knowledge the most complete, the most impartial and in terms that make it accessible to all.
(Anísio Teixeira, Education is a right. Adapted.)
In the passage "called social sciences", the use of the term "called" indicates that the author
a) sees in the “social sciences” a panacea, not a critical analysis of society.
b) considers the goals of these sciences to be utopian.
c) prefers the term “social theory” to the term “social sciences”.
d) disagrees with the theoretical assumptions of these sciences.
e) uses the name “social sciences” with reservation.
Correct alternative: e) uses the name “social sciences” with reservation.
By using the word “calls” before “social sciences”, the author of the text avoids the generalization of the term, using it with reservation.
question 8
(Unesp - 2010)
Text 1
Because dying is one or the other of these two things: either the dead person has absolutely no existence, no awareness of what whatever it is, or, as they say, death is precisely a change of existence and, for the soul, a migration from this place to a other. If, in fact, there is no sensation at all, but it is like sleep, death would be a wonderful gift. […] If, on the contrary, death is like a passage from this place to another place, and if it is true what is said that there are all the dead, what good could there be, judges, greater than this? Because if we get to Hades, freeing ourselves from those who boast of being judges, we will find the true judges, the who would tell us do justice there: Monos and Radamante, Eaco and Triptolemus, and so many other gods and demigods who were righteous in the life; would this trip then be a trip to be ignored? What price would you not be able to pay to converse with Orpheus, Museum, Hesiod and Homer?
(Plato. Apology of Socrates, 2000.)
Text 2
No one knows when your last tour will be, but now it's possible to say goodbye in style. A 300C Touring, the van version of Chrysler's luxury sedan, was transformed into Latin America's first custom hearse. The change took seven months, cost R$ 160,000 and left the car with eight meters in length and 2 340 kg, three meters and 540 kg in addition to the original. The Funeral Car 300C has flashing lights on the already imposing front and huge wheels, 22 rims, with small, stylized coffins on the spokes. Flags on the edges of the hood, like on diplomats' cars, add a refined touch. With the longer chassis, the rear seat was kept for family members to follow the procession inside the car. On the front backrests, screens display messages of comfort. The car is part of a funeral ceremonial package that includes, in addition to the procession at the Funeral Car 300C, services as violinists and a flock of white doves at the funeral.
(Funeral tuned. Folha de S.Paulo, 02.28.2010.)
Confronting the content of the two texts, it can be said that:
a) although the two texts convey divergent views about death, they deal with views concerning the same time, namely, today's society.
b) from a philosophical point of view, there are no qualitative differences between one and another conception of death.
c) the comments of the Greek text about death are coherent with a philosophy of strong valorization of the body at the expense of the soul, and of the sensible world over the intelligible world.
d) Plato's text shows a monotheistic culture, while the second is polytheistic.
e) while in the first text the metaphysical dignity of death is revealed, in the second it is suggested the conversion of the funeral into a spectacle of the consumer society.
Correct alternative: e) while the metaphysical dignity of death is seen in the first text, the second suggests the conversion of the funeral into a spectacle of the consumer society.
From reading the texts, it is clear that death is the main theme, but it is approached in different ways.
Thus, in the first text we have death as the passage from the earthly to the spiritual world; while in the second, the focus is on the spectacle of consumption, evoked by a “car makes part of a funeral parcel”.
question 9
(Enem 2013)
Teenagers: taller, fatter and lazy
The offer of industrialized products and the lack of time play a part in increasing the silhouette of young people. “Our eating habits, in general, have changed a lot”, observes Vivian Ellinger, president of the Brazilian Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism (SBEM), in Rio de Janeiro. Research shows that, here in Brazil, we are exaggerating salt and sugar, in addition to drinking little milk and eating less fruits and beans.
Another sin, an old acquaintance of those who exhibit excess fat because of gluttony, appears as a mark of the new generation: laziness. “One hundred percent of the girls who participate in the Program did not practice any sport”, reveals psychologist Cristina Freire, who monitors the emotional development of the volunteers.
You probably already know the consequences of a sedentary, fat-filled routine. “And it's not news that obese people have a shorter survival time”, believes Claudia Cozer, an endocrinologist at the Brazilian Association for the Study of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome. But if five years ago studies projected a bleak future for young people, in the current scenario, diseases that would come in old age are already part of their routine. “Adolescents are already suffering from hypertension and diabetes”, exemplifies Claudia.
UNBALANCED, P. Health Magazine. Available in: http://saude.abril.com.br. Accessed on: July 28 2012 (adapted).
Regarding the relationship between the habits of the adolescent population and their health conditions, the information presented in the text indicates that
a) the lack of physical activity added to a nutritionally unbalanced diet are factors related to the onset of chronic diseases among adolescents.
b) decreased consumption of carbohydrate-rich foods combined with increased consumption of protein-rich foods contributed to the increase in obesity among adolescents.
c) the greater participation of industrialized and fatty foods in the adolescent population's diet has reduced the consumption of salts and sugars, which impairs the metabolic balance.
d) the occurrence of cases of hypertension and diabetes among adolescents stems from their eating conditions, while in the adult population, hereditary factors are preponderant.
e) the regular practice of physical activity is an important factor in controlling diabetes among the adolescent population, as it causes a constant increase in systolic blood pressure.
Correct alternative: a) lack of physical activity added to a nutritionally unbalanced diet are factors related to the onset of chronic diseases among adolescents.
Upon reading the text, it is clear to understand that the author's intention is to alert to the unhealthy or unhealthy habits of young people today.
The consumption of nutrient-poor foods and the lack of daily physical exercise practices are highlighted, which lead to a sedentary lifestyle and, consequently, to the emergence of chronic diseases.
question 10
(UERJ - 2016)
The last line of the comic is strange, because it indicates the absence of a fundamental element for the installation of a court: the existence of someone who is being accused.
This speech suggests the following point of view of the author in relation to internet users:
a) render fictitious verdicts without the legitimacy of the process
b) configure empty trials even if there are proven crimes
c) pass judgments on others but do not see themselves in the position of accused
d) rush into superficial opinions even if they have concrete data
Correct alternative: c) pass judgments on others but do not see themselves in the position of accused
With the expansion of the internet and social networks, it is very common nowadays to come across discussions and opinions of people who judge others unfounded.
In the comic strip, the estrangement is caused precisely by the lack of one of the main figures in a court: the defendant, which means the accused of the sentence. Thus, there are many judges, but many defendants are lacking.
question 11
(Enem - 2017)
Advertising texts are produced to fulfill certain communicative functions. The objectives of this poster are aimed at raising awareness among Brazilians about the need for
a) children attend school regularly.
b) reading training begins in childhood.
c) literacy takes place at the right age.
d) literature has its consumer market expanded.
d) schools develop campaigns in favor of reading.
Correct alternative: b) reading training begins in childhood.
From the analysis and reading of the poster it is possible to understand its main message: the importance of reading in early childhood education.
question 12
(UEA - 2017) Read the excerpt from Quincas Borba, by Machado de Assis:
And while one cries, another laughs; it is the law of the world, my rich lord; it is universal perfection. Everything crying would be monotonous, everything laughing tiring; but a good distribution of tears and polkas1, hiccups and sarabands2, ends up bringing the necessary variety to the soul of the world, and balances life.
(Quincas Borba, 1992.)
1 polka: type of dance.
2 sarabanda: type of dance.
According to the narrator,
a) past mistakes do not affect the present.
b) existence is marked by antagonisms.
c) wisdom is in pursuing happiness.
d) every moment lived must be celebrated.
e) happy moments are rarer than sad ones.
Correct alternative: b) existence is marked by antagonisms.
From reading the excerpt by Quincas Borba, it becomes clear that life is marked by different antagonisms or oppositions (he cries and laughs), and this is what denotes his balance.
question 13
(Unesp - 2011)
the end of marketing
The company sells to the consumer
— with the web it's not like that
With the internet becoming ubiquitous, the Four Ps of marketing — product, place, price, and promotion — no longer work. The paradigm was simple and one-way: companies sell to consumers. We create products; we fix prices; we define where to sell them; and we make announcements. We control the message. The internet transforms all these activities.
(...)
The products are now mass customized, involve services and are marked by the knowledge and tastes of consumers. Through online communities, consumers now participate in product development. Products are becoming experiences. The old industrial conceptions in product definition and marketing are dead.
(...)
Thanks to online sales and new market dynamics, supplier-set prices are being increasingly challenged. Today we even question the concept of “price” as consumers gain access to tools that allow them to determine how much they want to pay. Consumers will offer various prices for a product depending on specific conditions. Buyers and sellers exchange more information and pricing becomes fluid. Markets, not companies, decide on the prices of products and services.
(...)
The modern company competes in two worlds: a physical one (the square, or marketplace) and a digital information world (the market space, or marketspace). Companies should not be concerned with creating a flashy website, but with a large online community and relationship capital. Hearts, not eyes, are what count. Within a decade, most products will be sold in the market space. A new frontier of commerce is the marketface — the interface between the marketplace and the marketspace.
(...)
Advertising, promotion, public relations etc. explore one-way, one-to-many, one-size-fits-all “messages” aimed at faceless and powerless consumers. Online communities dramatically disrupt this model. Consumers often have access to information about products, and the power passes to them. They are the ones who control the rules of the market, not you. They choose the medium and the message. Instead of receiving messages sent by public relations professionals, they create “public opinion” online.
Marketers are losing control, and that's a good thing.
(Don Tapscott. The end of marketing. INFO, São Paulo, Editora Abril, January 2011, p. 22.)
A careful reading of this thought-provoking article by Don Tapscott reveals that the central theme of his message is:
a) The advent of internet commerce has subverted traditional marketing theories.
b) Internet commerce confirms all current advertising and marketing theories.
c) The application of traditional marketing principles has become vital to the success of online commerce.
d) Commerce carried out in physical stores is even preferable to that carried out online.
e) The law of supply and demand does not influence internet commerce in any way.
Correct alternative: a) The advent of internet commerce has subverted traditional marketing theories.
From reading the text, we can understand that the internet was one of the biggest influencers on consumer behavior changes.
As a result, theories associated with marketing, previously considered modern, have now become obsolete with the increase in online consumers.
question 14
(PUC-SP)
(...) From the shattered bottle, on the already serene tile, a thick thing flows, which is milk, blood... I do not know. Amongst confused objects, barely redeemed from the night, two colors seek each other, gently touch, lovingly intertwine, forming a third tone which we call aurora.
(Carlos Drummond de Andrade)
In the previous fragment, Carlos Drummond de Andrade poetically constructs the dawn. What allows you to view this time of day corresponds to:
a) to confused objects ill redeemed of the night.
b) the shattered bottle and the serene tile.
c) the smooth approximation of two bodies.
d) the love affair of two colors.
e) the thick blood flow over the tile.
Correct alternative: d) to a two-color love affair.
By reading the excerpt above, we understand that the description made by the writer is about the dawn, or that is, the moment of sunrise when we observe a mixture of colors with the departure of the night and the arrival of the morning.
question 15
(Vunesp - 2014)
life goes around
I'm kind of a fatalistic type. I think life takes turns. A friend of mine, Luís, married Claudia, a selfish woman. He was an only child, of a separated mother and no pension. For a time, Luis' mother was supported by her own uncle, a bachelor. When the latter died, domestic fights began: Claudia would not admit that Luís gave money to his mother. He was a middle-class boy. For a while, he took on extra work to help the old woman.
Convinced by his wife, he moved away. He visited his mother once a year. To get rid of the financial issue, Luís convinced his mother to sell the apartment. For a few years she lived on that money. He often lamented the absence of his son, but what to do? Luis, always so busy traveling all over the world, had no time available. At his mother's house, he lacked even the essentials. And she died alone.
The time has passed. Today, Luís, once a competitive professional, is unemployed. He was forced to settle with his family in his in-laws, where he is tormented daily. Luís and Cláudia's daughter grew up and left home. He wants to go his own way!
Luís has no income or assets. She's about to get divorced. It stayed out of the job market. What will happen? Will the daughter take care of him? I doubt it because he didn't teach it by his own example.
Life is an eternal affective cycle. At one time we are all children. In another, we become parents: it's our turn to take care of those who took care of us.
(Walcyr Executioner. http://vejasp.abril.com.br. Accessed on 12.30.2013. Adapted)
Considering the last paragraph of the text, it can be said that the relationship between parents and children should be based on
a) in fear.
b) on persistence.
c) in expectation.
d) in hope.
e) in exchange.
Correct alternative: e) in exchange.
Considering the last paragraph of the text, the author makes it clear that life is a cycle, where one day our parents are the caregivers and, the next, we are the ones who assume this role. Thus, we have expressed the idea of retribution, of exchange.
question 16
(FCC-2013)
this life is a journey
pity i am
just passing through
(Paulo Leminski, La vie in close-up. 5th ed. São Paulo: Brasiliense, 2000, p.134)
In the poem of just three lines, the poet complains
a) the fleetingness of life.
b) demonstrates that he prefers the spiritual life to the earthly.
c) rebels against his fate.
d) suggests that life is meaningless.
e) abhors the bustle of life.
Correct alternative: a) of the fleetingness of life.
From reading the poem, we can understand that the author addresses the ephemerality of life, that is, its quality of being fleeting and that ends quickly for everyone, just like a journey.
question 17
As for the strip above, it is correct to say:
a) Verbal language alone cannot convey the intended message.
b) It conveys that it is part of childhood to take the mother's things to play with.
c) The sentence in the first square does not belong to the sequence.
d) The main message of the comic strip is Mafalda's innocence, who responds to her mother who took "only" the creams. beauty, meaning that she didn't get other types of creams to play with, such as cooking, for example.
e) The mother is mad at Mafalda, so her speech is in capital letters.
Correct alternative: a) Verbal language alone cannot convey the intended message.
Non-verbal language is essential for understanding the understanding of little Mafalda.
Upon hearing the news on the radio, Mafalda concluded that the world needed a treatment that would make it more beautiful. So she took her mother's creams-which for her were used for a similar purpose-and applied them to her globe.
Without the image of applying the creams on the globe, the interpretation of the strip would be compromised, simply looking like Mafalda had taken her mother's things to play with, as girls do. But Mafalda's intention was much more serious, leading the reader to reflect on the world panorama.
question 18
The strip above is a criticism:
a) the fact that parents do not explain things correctly to children.
b) regarding the parents' caution so that children do not distort what they hear at home in the street.
c) the fact that children tell their friends what their parents say at home.
d) people's speech, which is often unimportant.
e) the fact that Mafalda created an expectation in the friend that disappointed him.
Correct alternative: d) to people's speech, which is often unimportant.
Mafalda criticizes the fact that many speeches, no matter how long, are empty in terms of content - either because they are repetitive, or because they do not add anything of value to people's lives.
question 19
As for the ad above, it is correct to state:
I. The purpose of this commercial is to convince Doril to buy.
II. The main resource used to try to show the effectiveness of the advertised product is to blur the word “pain” from the phrase “Tomou pain a (pain) disappeared.”.
III. The name Doril contains a play on the words “pain” and “disappeared”, one of the features that promoted the product's success.
a) Only I is correct.
b) All statements are correct.
c) I and II are correct.
d) Statement III does not make sense.
e) All are wrong.
Correct alternative: b) All statements are correct.
Advertisements are intended to persuade people to buy or consume something. To show how effective this product is, he tries to humorously convey that pain disappears in his own slogan.
The drug's slogan is an example of success, because playing with words led to its easy memorization. When we erase “pain”, “il” remains, which rhymes with the word “gone”.
question 20
As for the strip above, it is correct to say:
a) The comic strip is intended to show how easy it is to convince children.
b) The strip criticizes people who change their minds after being bribed.
c) The comic strip's intention is to reflect on healthy eating.
d) The cartoon awakens the reader to the great challenge of parents in feeding their children.
e) This strip aims to teach how parents should act in the face of their children's bad behavior.
Correct alternative: b) The comic strip criticizes people who change their minds after being bribed.
With humor, the intention is to show, in a childish situation, how some people who claim to defend their convictions easily take opposing opinions when they receive benefits for themselves.
question 21
In the strip above, Calvin tricks the reader into thinking that he would strive to get good grades if his father rewarded his performance, but his intention was different. Explain.
In the second panel, Calvin explains to his father his idea of receiving money through his notes - how much the higher the grade, the higher the reward - indicating that Calvin would be willing to put in the effort to receive more cash. However, in the last comic, Calvin reveals that his intention was to have some money, no matter how much, because with his notes, he would receive the minimum amount of the proposal made to his father.
Activity 22
Read the text by Millôr Fernandes and answer the questions below:
the turtle's death
The little boy went to the yard and came back crying: the turtle had died. His mother went to the backyard with him, touched the turtle with a stick (she was disgusted with that animal) and found that the turtle had really died. Faced with the mother's confirmation, the boy began to cry even harder. The mother was at first sorry, but soon she began to be annoyed by the boy's crying. "Careful, otherwise you wake up your father." But the boy couldn't accept it. He picked up the turtle in his lap and began stroking its hard shell. The mother said that she would buy another one, but he replied that he didn't want it, he wanted that one, live! His mother promised him a pram, a tricycle, promised him a spanking, but the poor boy really seemed to be deeply shaken by the death of his little pet.
Finally, with so much crying, the father woke up inside, and came, shaken, to see what it was all about. The boy showed him the dead turtle. The mother said: – “He's been there like that for half an hour, crying like crazy. I do not know what to do. I've already promised him everything but he keeps screaming like that”. The father examined the situation and proposed:
– “Look, Henriquinho. If the turtle is dead, it's no use crying. Leave her there and come here with her father”. The boy carefully put the turtle down by the pool and followed his father by the hand. The father sat down in the armchair, put the boy on his lap and said: – “I know you are very sorry for the death of the little turtle. I liked her a lot too. But we're going to give her a big funeral.” (He purposely used the word difficult). The little boy immediately stopped crying. "What is a funeral?" The father explained to him that it was a funeral. “Look, we go to the street, buy a very nice box, lots of candies, candies, sweets and go back home. Then we put the turtle in the box on the kitchen table and surrounded it with birthday candles. Then we invite the boys from the neighborhood, we light candles, we sing Happy-Birth-Day-To-You to the little dead turtle and you blow out the candles.
Then we took the box, opened a hole at the back of the yard, buried the little turtle and put a rock on top with her name and the day she died. That's what a funeral is! Lets do this? The little boy had a different face. “Come on, daddy, come on! The little turtle will be happy up there in heaven, won't it? Look, I'm going to get her.” He ran away. As his father dressed, he heard a scream in the backyard. "Daddy, daddy, come here, she's alive!" The father ran to the yard and found it to be true. The turtle was walking again, normally. "That's good, huh?" – he said – “She's alive! We won't have to have the funeral!" "Yes, let's go, daddy" - said the boy anxiously, picking up a very large stone - "I'll kill her".
Moral: The important thing is not death, it's what it takes from us.
1) What were the devices used by the mother and father to make the boy stop crying?
The mother offered things he knew, such as a new turtle, a toy car, among others.
The father suggested they do something the boy didn't know what it was, a funeral.
2) The mother offered the boy a spanking, but before that she had offered a cart or a tricycle. Because?
First the mother felt sorry and wanted to calm her son, but her continuous crying and failed attempts made her lose her temper.
So, believing that only with the threat of a beating the boy would shut up, he turned to her.
3) What difficult word did the boy's father use in his conversation with him?
Funeral
4) What made the boy stop crying?
The novelty of having a big funeral for the turtle.
5) Why did the boy want to kill the turtle?
Because if the turtle were alive the funeral would not be held.
Activity 23
He reads this text, another chronicle by Millôr Fernandes, and answers:
Dog! Dog! Dog!
He opened the door and saw the friend he hadn't seen for so long. She just found it strange that he, friend, came accompanied by a dog. The dog is not very big but quite strong, of an undefined breed, bouncing and with a cheerfully aggressive air. He opened the door and greeted his friend effusively. "How much time!". The dog took advantage of the greetings, dashed into the house and soon the noise in the kitchen showed that he had broken something.
The owner of the house stretched his ears a little, the visiting friend made an air that it was not his thing. "Well, you see, the last time we saw each other was…" "No, it was later, na…" "And you, were you married too?" O dog passed by the room, time passed by the conversation, the dog entered the room and another noise of something broken. There was a wan smile on the part of the owner of the house, but perfect indifference on the part of the visitor. "The one who died was definitely the uncle... do you remember him?" "I remember, well, that's what else... no?"
The dog jumped on a piece of furniture, knocked over the lamp, then climbed with its dirty paws on the sofa (time passing) and left the fingerprints of its animality there. The two tense friends now preferred not to take notice of the dogue. And finally, the visitor is gone. He said goodbye, effusive as he had arrived, and left. Gone.
But he was still going, when the owner of the house asked, "Won't you take your dog?" "Dog? Dog? Dog? Oh no! It's not mine, no. When I entered, he entered naturally with me and I thought it was yours. It's not yours, isn't it?"
Moral: When we notice certain faults in friends, we should always have an enlightening conversation.
1) Why didn't the visiting friend speak up when he noticed that the dog had broken something in the kitchen?
Because he didn't feel comfortable commenting on the damage done by the dog, who he believed to be the owner of the house.
2) Why were friends tense?
As a result of the damage the dog was doing.
3) What does “yellow smile” mean and why did the owner smile like that?
It means an unwilling or fake smile. The owner smiled like that because he didn't want to fight with his friend about the dog, but he was losing patience with the situation.
4) Who owns the dog?
We do not know.
5) What makes the chronicle funny?
The fact that the friends didn't talk about the dog's behavior because each one thought the dog belonged to the other friend and didn't want to disagree about it.
Read too:
- 7 foolproof foolproof tips for interpreting texts
- Understanding and interpretation of texts
