The nervous system is responsible for the communication, reception, interpretation and transport of information in the human body.
question 1
Review the following alternatives and check the one that does NOT describe a nervous system function.
a) capture and interpret stimuli from the environment.
b) transport information.
c) create responses through movements, sensations or findings.
d) transporting nutrients and oxygen to the body.
e) control muscle activity.
Incorrect alternative: d) transporting nutrients and oxygen to the body.
a) CORRECT. Stimuli are captured through nerve impulses coming from the receptor cells.
b) CORRECT. With the integrative function, the nervous system is able to transport information that coordinates the activities of several organs.
c) CORRECT. With sensory function, the nervous system is able to interpret and translate received stimuli into sensations.
d) WRONG. It is a function of the circulatory system, where the bloodstream causes blood and nutrients to be directed to the cells.
e) CORRECT. With motor function, the nervous system controls voluntary and involuntary muscle movements.
See too: Nervous system
question 2
The nervous system is divided into the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Tick the alternative that contains the organs that are part of these systems.
a) CNS: brain and spinal cord; SNP: nerves and nerve ganglia.
b) CNS: brain and SNP neurotransmitters: brainstem and dorsal roots.
c) CNS: nerves and nerve ganglia; SNP: brain and spinal cord.
d) CNS: brain and cerebellum; SNP: diencephalon and spinal cord.
e) CNS: brain and cerebellum; SNP Nerve Cells and Neurotransmitters.
Correct alternative: a) CNS: brain and spinal cord; SNP: nerves and nerve ganglia.
a) CORRECT. In the Central Nervous System, the brain comprises everything inside the skull and the spinal cord, located in the vertebrae, transmits information to the body. In the Peripheral Nervous System, nerves are bundles of nerve fibers and ganglia are clusters of neurons.
b) WRONG. The brain is part of the Central Nervous System's brain and is responsible for transporting, organizing and storing information. Neurotransmitters are chemical compounds that transmit information and are generated by neurons. The brain stem connects the brain and spinal cord.
c) WRONG. Nerves and nerve ganglia are part of the Peripheral Nervous System, while the brain and spinal cord make up the Central Nervous System.
d) WRONG. All are components of the Central Nervous System. The brain houses the cerebellum and the brain, where the diencephalon exists. The spinal cord is the part that communicates with the body.
e) WRONG. Brain and cerebellum are part of the Central Nervous System. However, nerve cells form the nervous tissues and, therefore, are present in all organs and neurons are the cells of the nervous system.
Learn more about nervous systems:
- Central Nervous System
- Peripheral Nervous System
- limbic system
question 3
(Uece/1999) These are MORE DIFFERENTIATED cells and with LESS reproductive capacity:
a) neurons.
b) lining epithelials.
c) hepatocytes.
d) fibroblasts.
Correct alternative: a) neurons.
a) CORRECT. Neurons are part of the nervous system and are responsible for the propagation of impulses. They have a different way to perform their function of processing information and conducting responses to stimuli in the body.
Brain cells are formed in the baby's development, causing it to be born with a certain number of neurons. However, although it is smaller, the reproduction capacity is observed, but it decreases with age.
b) WRONG. Lining epithelial cells are closely related cells that form epithelial tissue. They are characterized by a great capacity for renewal through mitosis.
c) WRONG. They are versatile cells located in the liver, which act in the production of proteins and in carrying out the organ's biological functions.
d) WRONG. They are the most common cells that are part of the connective tissue and act in the synthesis of substances, such as collagen and elastin.
See too: neurons
question 4
(Fuvest) Which of the following behaviors involves the greatest number of nervous system organs?
a) Salivate when smelling tasty food.
b) Raise the leg when the doctor touches the patient's knee with a hammer.
c) Blink with the sudden approach of an object.
d) Withdraw your hand abruptly when touching a very hot object.
e) Fill out an identification form.
Correct alternative: e) Fill in an identification form.
a) WRONG. Saliva is produced by the salivary glands through stimuli received by the Autonomic Nervous System.
b) WRONG. In this reflex act, only the sensory and motor neurons act to generate movement. The sensory neuron carries information as a nerve impulse to the spinal cord and the motor neuron carries a nerve impulse to the leg muscle, causing it to move.
c) WRONG. This type of blinking is an involuntary reflex as a defense mechanism for approaching the object.
d) WRONG. Sensory nerves in the skin send information about the sensation of heat and the impulses are returned by the motor nerves that act on the muscles of the hand inducing it to withdraw it immediately.
e) CORRECT. When we write, our nervous system is acting in different ways: for example, the thalamus acts to receive information; nerve impulses transmit information for processing; the cortex recognizes the stimuli and stores the information, and the neurons process all the information and make the brain act.
See too: Brain
question 5
(Vunesp) Imagine the following situations:
1- You will have an injection and your arm is distended, receiving the prick of the needle without any reaction.
2- You were distracted and someone stabbed your arm with a pin; the reaction was a leap.
The organs of the nervous system that controlled the first and second reactions were, respectively:
a) spinal cord and brain.
b) cerebellum and cortex.
c) medulla and hypothalamus.
d) brain and spinal cord.
e) brain and neuron.
Correct alternative: d) brain and spinal cord.
a) WRONG. The medulla does not apply to situation 1 as it coordinates involuntary actions. The brain does not apply to situation 2, as it coordinates voluntary actions and in case you are distracted, an involuntary reflex was generated when feeling pain.
b) WRONG. The voluntary act of situation 1 is not performed by the cerebellum, it acts, among other functions, in motor learning and muscle tone control. For situation 2, the cortex does not apply as it is in the outermost region of the brain and is responsible for specific functions such as memory and reasoning.
c) WRONG. The spinal cord coordinates involuntary actions, protecting the body from adverse situations, which does not happen in situation 1. The involuntary act of situation 2 is not performed by the hypothalamus, it acts, among other functions, by regulating body temperature and emotional behavior.
d) CORRECT. The brain causes a conscious response to be given to the stimulus caused by the prick of the needle and the spinal cord produces a reflex act as protection in an emergency situation.
e) WRONG. Although the brain is responsible for what happens in situation 1, the neuron does not apply to the situation 2, as it is the structural unit of the nervous system responsible for the propagation of impulses nervous.
See too: Spinal cord
question 6
(CESGRANRIO) It is common to hear expressions such as: “My heart raced”, “I was so nervous that I started sweating”, “I felt my mouth dry”. These reactions are characteristic of an altered emotional state, and are controlled under the action of:
a) autonomic nervous system.
b) somatic nervous system.
c) thyroid hormones.
d) cerebellar nerves.
e) spinal nerve center.
Correct alternative: a) Autonomic nervous system.
a) CORRECT. The Autonomic Nervous System acts by regulating the body's internal environment and, therefore, controls the involuntary activities carried out by Organs internal organs.
b) WRONG. The Somatic Nervous System acts by regulating voluntary actions.
c) WRONG. Thyroid hormones, the main ones being triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4), are released in the blood stream, being responsible for controlling the metabolism and balance of the systems of the body.
d) WRONG. The functions of the cerebellum are performed involuntarily and unconsciously so that balance and coordination are maintained.
e) WRONG. The nervous center works by receiving information and sending commands, that is, it acts in communication between the body and the nervous system.
See too: Nervous Impulse Transmission
question 7
(Fatec/2005) A housewife put her hand on a hot iron and reacted immediately through a reflex act. In this action, the effector neuron took the nerve impulse to
a) the brain.
b) the spinal cord.
c) hand pain receptors.
d) the heat receivers in the hand.
e) the flexor muscles of the forearm.
Correct alternative: e) the flexor muscles of the forearm.
a) WRONG. The brain is part of the Central Nervous System, which acts on voluntary movements.
b) WRONG. The spinal cord is part of the Central Nervous System, which acts on voluntary movements.
c) WRONG. Nociceptors are nerve endings that act by generating pain sensitivity.
d) WRONG. Thermoreceptors are sensory receptors that act by generating sensitivity to temperature changes. To detect heat, the acting receiver is Ruffini.
e) CORRECT. The quick and involuntary act performed by the flexor muscles of the forearm occurred due to the stimulus felt by the receptor neuron, the The message was carried by the sensory neuron to the medulla and through the motor neuron the organ, in this case the muscle, quickly moved away from the iron.
See too: Neurotransmitters
question 8
(PUC-RJ/2005) The cellular systems of the bodies of multicellular heterotrophs (animals) have two signaling systems for integration of the body systems. Are they:
a) circulatory and respiratory system.
b) circulatory and excretory system.
c) nervous and hormonal system.
d) respiratory and nervous system.
e) locomotor and hormonal system.
Correct alternative: c) nervous and hormonal system.
a) WRONG. The circulatory system, through the bloodstream, transports oxygen and nutrients to different parts of the body, while the respiratory system captures oxygen from the air and, after gas exchange in the body, eliminates oxygen dioxide. carbon.
b) WRONG. While the circulatory system distributes nutrients to the cells, the excretory system eliminates the waste generated in the reactions that take place inside them.
c) CORRECT. The nervous system and the endocrine (hormonal) system are systems that act together to coordinate our body and act to regulate the metabolism of the human body. Neurotransmitters from the nervous system and hormones from the endocrine system act together to respond to incoming stimuli.
d) WRONG. The respiratory system acts to capture oxygen and release carbon dioxide. The nervous system establishes communication in the body.
e) WRONG. The locomotor system is responsible for the movements and support of the body. The endocrine, or hormonal, system is made up of glands that produce hormones in our body.
See too: Human Body Systems
question 9
(UFSM) It can be said that the accumulation of mercury affects the survival and functioning of ______. Both the transmission of the nerve impulse, which always occurs from ______ to ______, and the release of neurotransmitters are impaired. Indicate the alternative that correctly completes the gaps:
a) dendrites — neurons — axons
b) axons — dendrites — neurons
c) neurons — dendrites — axons
d) axons — neurons — dendrites
e) neurons — axons — dendrites
Correct alternative: c) neurons — dendrites — axons.
It can be said that the accumulation of mercury affects the survival and functioning of the neurons. Both the transmission of the nerve impulse, which always occurs from the dendrites To the axons, as the release of neurotransmitters are impaired.
Neurons are fundamental cells that make up the nervous system. To perform their functions, they have a highly specialized structure, whose cell body is composed of:
- Axon: long extension of the cell body and constant thickness.
- Dendrites: short extensions of the cell body and with many branches.
See too: Nerves of the Human Body
question 10
(Ufv) Regarding the human nervous system, resolve the following items:
a) In addition to neurons, nervous tissue has other cells that are essential for its functioning. What are these cells collectively called?
Correct answer: Glial cells.
Glial cells, also called neuroglia, provide nutrients, protection and help support nervous tissue. Furthermore, they perform the modulation of electrical impulses.
See too: glial cells
b) At the chemical synapse, the transmission of the nerve impulse occurs through the release of chemical mediators. Give two examples of these mediators.
Correct answer: Acetylcholine and adrenaline.
Acetylcholine: This hormone is synthesized by the central nervous system and parasympathetic nerves to act in different parts of the body as a messenger between nerve cells. Its functions are related to muscle movement, learning and memory.
Adrenaline: This neurotransmitter hormone is secreted by the adrenal glands. It is related to excitement, fear, stress, danger or strong emotions. Its release is a defense mechanism of the body, alerting it to prepare for an adverse situation.
Complement your studies by reading these texts.:
- Cerebellum
- Cranial Nerves
- Synapses
