Exercises on water

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Test your knowledge with the 10 questions then over water. Check out the comments after the feedback to get your questions answered.

question 1

Water is an indispensable natural resource for the maintenance of life on Earth. About this essential element, it is correct to state that:

a) Water is an abundant resource and any type of water can easily be treated for consumption.
b) Most of the water on the planet can be used, so there is nothing to worry about.
c) Drinking water is a limited water resource.
d) Fresh water is only present in surface regions of the planet, in the form of lakes, rivers and glaciers.

Correct alternative: c) Drinking water is a limited water resource.

Due to the available quantity and quality, it is possible to say that the water used for consumption is a limited resource.

Although the planet presents about 70% of its form filled with water, only 2.5% corresponds to fresh water and of this fraction, 68.9% is in solid state in glaciers and ice caps, 29.9% in underground regions and 0.3% is available in rivers and lakes.

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question 2

The water cycle is the mechanism responsible for renewing the availability of water on the planet. This biogeochemical cycle consists of the transformation and circulation of water through nature through

a) only from the rain
b) changes in physical status
c) of chemical reactions
d) the creation of new water molecules in nature

Correct alternative: b) changes in physical state.

In the water cycle, this resource passes from one state to another through physical state changes (solid, liquid and gas).

Basically, water in rivers and lakes changes to a gaseous state through heat gain from the sun. When rising to the atmosphere, low temperatures cause water to condense and change to a liquid state, in the form of rain droplets, or solid, such as snowflakes and ice crystals.

Rain causes liquid water to fall back to the earth's surface. Part of it accumulates in rivers and another part infiltrates the soil, feeding underground sheets and being absorbed by plants, where it is returned to the medium by transpiration.

question 3

Water has special characteristics, which are, for example, capable of sustaining life on the planet. Regarding the properties of water, tick the INCORRECT statement.

a) it is a universal solvent as it can dissolve a large amount of substances.
b) hydrogen bonds are the type of bonds that bind water molecules together.
c) when receiving heat, the amount of 1 g of water raises its temperature by 1º C.
d) the surface layer of water in a container forms a surface film with the same arrangement of molecules over the entire length of the liquid.

Incorrect alternative: d) the surface layer of water in a container forms a surface film with the same arrangement of molecules across the entire length of the liquid.

Surface tension, a property of water that consists in the creation of a thin surface film in the liquid, is formed by the different arrangement of molecules in relation to the interior of the container.

This phenomenon is important for the formation of water droplets and is also the reason why insects are able to walk on water without breaking the layer.

question 4

Review the following sentences about the functions of water.

I. Composition of living beings
II. Irrigation of plantations
III. climate regulation
IV. Biodiversity balance and conservation

The statements are correct:

a) I and III
b) II and IV
c) I, II and III
d) All alternatives

Correct alternative: d) All alternatives.

I. Composition of living beings. CORRECT Water is an indispensable resource for living beings.
II. Irrigation of plantations. CORRECT The use of water in agriculture for irrigation can be done in several ways.
III. Climate regulation. CORRECT The climate can vary according to the water vapors present in the atmosphere.
IV. Balance and conservation of biodiversity. CORRECT Water is a source of life for living beings.

question 5

As we know, water is necessary for the proper functioning of the human body. The functions of water in the body are:

(02) Organ protection
(04) Transport of substances
(16) Power supply
(32) Temperature regulation
(64) Reaction catalysis

The sum that corresponds to the true functions of water for human beings is:

a) 20
b) 38
c) 80
d) 102

Correct alternative: b) 38 (02 + 04 + 32).

(02) Organ protection. CORRECT For example, the fluids present in the joints protect the bones.
(04) Transport of substances. CORRECT For example, oxygen, nutrients and minerals are transported within the body by water.
(16) Power supply. WRONG. The energy that the body needs is acquired through food, for example, through the consumption of carbohydrates.
(32) Temperature regulation. CORRECT For example, through the release of sweat.
(64) Catalysis of reactions. WRONG. Water is a solvent and participates in most reactions, but it does not act as a catalyst.

question 6

For water to reach our homes for consumption, it must pass through a treatment plant.

The main steps are: First, dirt and impurities are collected using aluminum sulfate in the _________ step. Then, these agglutinated impurities are deposited at the bottom of the tank by __________, which occurs naturally by gravity. ________ causes impurities to be removed, in a solid-liquid separation. The addition of chlorine to kill microorganisms takes place at the _________ step. In some places __________ is used to prevent cavities in water users.

The correct order of processes that appear in the text is:

a) sulphation, deposition, centrifugation, chlorination and pH correction
b) flocculation, decantation, filtration, disinfection and fluoridation.
c) agglutination, sedimentation, distillation, phosphatization and addition of fluorine
d) agglomeration, deposition, filtration, distillation and chlorination.

Correct alternative: b) flocculation, decantation, filtration, disinfection and fluoridation.

The main steps are: First, dirt and impurities are gathered using aluminum sulfate in the step of flocculation. Then, these agglutinated impurities are deposited at the bottom of the tank by the decant, which occurs naturally by the action of gravity. THE filtration causes impurities to be removed, in a solid-liquid separation. The addition of chlorine to kill microorganisms takes place in the step of disinfection. In some places the fluoridation it is used to prevent cavities in water users.

question 7

Analyze the types of water in column 1 and relate to their characteristics in column 2.

1. Distilled water
2. Potable water
3. Deionized water
4. Mineral water
5. fresh water
6. Salty water

The. Drinking water with well-defined characteristics: colorless, odorless and tasteless.
B. Low salinity water found in rivers, lakes and glaciers.
ç. Water characterized as pure because of the removal of dissolved salts.
d. It contains amount of dissolved salts and the main one is sodium chloride.
and. Water that has had the ions removed.
f. Rich in mineral salts and suitable for consumption.

The correct sequence is:

a) 1.a; 2.b; 3.d; 4.f; 5.c; 6.e.
b) 1.d; 2.f; 3.e; 4.a; 5.b; 6.c.
c) 1.b; 2.e; 3.a; 4.f; 5.c; 6.d.
d) 1.c; 2.a; 3.e; 4.f; 5.b; 6.d.

Correct alternative: d) 1.c; 2.a; 3.e; 4.f; 5.b; 6.d.

1. Distilled water is characterized as pure because of the removal of dissolved salts.
2. Drinking water is suitable for consumption with well-defined characteristics: colorless, odorless and tasteless.
3. Deionized water is water that has gone through an ion removal process.
4. Mineral water is rich in mineral salts and suitable for consumption.
5. Fresh water has low salinity and is found in rivers, lakes and glaciers.
6. Salt water contains amount of dissolved salts and the main one is sodium chloride.

question 8

(PUCRS) - Cell cytoplasm is composed of organelles dispersed in an aqueous solution called cytosol. Water, therefore, plays a fundamental role in the cell. Of the functions that water plays in the cytosol, which is NOT correct:

a) Participates in the osmotic balance
b) Catalyzes chemical reactions
c) Acts as a universal solvent
d) Participates in hydrolysis reactions
e) Participates in the transport of molecules

Correct alternative: b) Catalyzes chemical reactions.

Catalysis corresponds to the increase in the speed with which chemical reactions take place. Enzymes are examples of catalysts for chemical reactions in the body.

question 9

(Uem) Drinking water is the most abundant component of living matter and its cycling is fundamental to guaranteeing life on the planet. The adult human being, for example, is made up of about 63% water, and their nervous tissue contains 95% of this inorganic component. This information alone would be enough to raise awareness about the preservation of drinking water, but many other reasons can be offered, such as those described below. Among the reasons contained in the proposed alternatives, tick the correct one.

(01) Water is essential for life, since the cell's chemical reactions take place in an aqueous medium.

(02) Water forms the interstitial fluid that bathes the tissues and is a component of the blood of animals and the sap of vegetables.

(04) The water cycle involves the constant change of physical state and the permanent exchange of this substance between the Earth's surface, living beings and the atmosphere.

(08) Many diseases in poor countries are related to untreated water, lack of basic information and poor sanitation conditions.

(16) Water is of little importance in thermal control. Thus, the Southern Hemisphere, known as the hemisphere of waters, has greater variations in average temperatures than the Northern Hemisphere. In this sense, the thermal inversion is not a concern.

(32) It is interesting to note that oxygen participates in the composition of water and the ozone layer and is originated in the photosynthesis process, showing that, as long as there is water and life, this layer is not threatened.

(64) Acid rain originates from the emission of pollutants into the atmosphere, such as sulfur and nitrogen dioxides, which, in contact with water vapor, produce sulfuric and nitric acids. Among the many problems caused by acid rain is pollution in drinking water reservoirs.

Correct answer: 79 (01 + 02 + 04 + 08 + 64).

(01) CORRECT.
(02) CORRECT.
(04) CORRECT.
(08) CORRECT.
(16) WRONG. Water is an important resource for climate regulation.
(32) WRONG. Gases produced by human beings in their activities, such as CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons) would be destroying the ozone layer.
(64) CORRECT.

question 10

(Enem/2004) In recent space expeditions that reached the ground of Mars, and through the signals provided by different probes and forms of analysis, the possibility of the existence of water in that planet. The main motivation of these investigations, which frequently occupy the news about Mars, is due to the fact that the presence of water would indicate, on that planet,

a) the existence of a soil rich in nutrients and with potential for agriculture.
b) the existence of winds, with the possibility of erosion and formation of channels.
c) the possibility of existing or having existed some form of life similar to Earth.
d) the possibility of extracting water with a view to its future use on Earth.
e) the feasibility, in the near future, of establishing human colonies on Mars.

Correct alternative: c) the possibility of existing or having existed some form of life similar to Earth's.

Liquid water is essential for the existence of living beings and on our planet water was the medium where the first forms of life developed.

  • Water
  • Importance of water
  • water cycle
  • Physical states of water
  • water properties
  • Water treatment
  • Water pollution
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