globalization is a theme increasingly charged at ENEM and entrance exams across the country.
Therefore, we selected some ENEM questions and entrance exams that deal with the subject through the political, economic, social and environmental aspects. We've also prepared some exclusive exercises to help you out.
Good study!
question 1
(Enem-2015) I don't think it is possible to identify globalization only with the creation of a global economy, although this is its focal point and its most obvious characteristic. We need to look beyond the economy. First of all, globalization depends on removing technical obstacles, not economic ones. This made it possible to organize production, not just trade, on an international scale.
HOBSBAWM, E. The new century: interview with Antonio Polito. São Paulo: Company das Letras, 2000 (adapted).
An essential factor for the organization of production, in the context highlighted in the text, is the:
a) creation of customs unions.
b) diffusion of cultural patterns.
c) improvement in transport infrastructure.
d) removal of barriers to commercialization.
e) organization of rules in international relations.
Alternative c) Improved transport infrastructure.
By creating an efficient transport network, export costs decrease and make the principle of globalization a reality. Therefore, alternative C is consistent with what was asked in the question.
question 2
(Enem-2015) At the end of the 20th century and due to advances in science, a system was produced presided over by the techniques of information, which began to play the role of a link between the others, uniting them and ensuring a presence to the new system planetary. A market that uses this system of advanced techniques results in this perverse globalization.
SAINTS, M. For another globalization. Rio de Janeiro: Record, 2008 (adapted).
A consequence for the productive sector and another for the world of work arising from the transformations mentioned in the text are present, respectively, in:
a) Elimination of locational advantages and expansion of labor legislation.
b) Limitation of logistical flows and strengthening of union associations.
c) Decrease in industrial investments and devaluation of qualified jobs.
d) Concentration of manufacturing areas and reduction of weekly hours.
e) Automation of manufacturing processes and increase in unemployment levels.
Alternative e) Automation of manufacturing processes and increase in unemployment levels.
The text mentions the "advances in science" that took place with the Second Industrial Revolution (end of the 20th century). These advances have always meant production efficiency, more layoffs and fewer jobs because the machine replaces the human workforce.
question 3
(Enem-2015) So much potential could have been left by the wayside, if it wasn't for the reinforcement in technology that a Gaucho sought. A little over eight years ago, he used the toe of his boot to dig into the earth and discover the level of soil moisture, in an attempt to know the ideal moment to activate the irrigation pivots.
Until he got to know a meteorological station that, installed on the property, helps to determine the amount of water the plant needs. Thus, when planting begins, the farmer already enters the system's website and registers the area, the pivot, the crop, the system of planting, the spacing between rows and the number of plants, to then receive recommendations directly from the technicians of the University.
CAETANO, M. The value of each drop. Globo Rural, no. 312, Oct. 2011.
The implementation of the technologies mentioned in the text guarantees the progress of the process of:
a) production monitoring.
b) land price appreciation.
c) correction of climatic factors.
d) division of tasks on the property.
e) stabilization of soil fertility.
Alternative a) Production monitoring
By describing the use of technologies within the production process, the text bridges the needs of soil and the help we can get from science and machinery to improve the use of the land.
question 4
(Enem-2015) A sports car is financed by Japan, designed in Italy and assembled in Indiana, Mexico and France, using the most advanced electronic components, which were invented in New Jersey and manufactured in Korea. The advertising campaign is developed in England, filmed in Canada, the edition and copies made in New York to be aired around the world. Global webs disguise themselves with the national uniform that suits them best.
REICH, R. The work of nations: preparing us for capitalism in the 21st century. São Paulo: Educator, 1994 (adapted).
The feasibility of the production process illustrated by the text presupposes the use of:
a) assembly lines and inventory building.
b) bureaucratic companies and cheap labor.
c) state control and consolidated infrastructure.
d) network organization and information technology.
e) centralized management and economic protectionism.
Alternative d) Network organization and information technology.
The text describes a production chain that has developed in different parts of the globe and that can only exist thanks to the advance of modern and fast means of communication.
question 5
(UFRN) - In the context of globalization, a growing trend is the formation of regional economic blocks. These blocks have different levels of integration. One of these levels is the free trade zone, which is characterized by:
a) creation of a single currency to be adopted by member countries.
b) free movement of goods from member countries.
c) unification of international relations policies among member countries.
d) free movement of people, services and capital between member countries.
Alternative b) Free movement of goods from member countries.
A trade zone only provides for the movement of goods between the partners, excluding the free movement of people.
question 6
(UFPI) The organization of countries into economic blocs aims to facilitate the economy of countries, stimulating exchanges and production. For the main blocks, their characteristics and purposes, tick the correct alternative.
a) FTAA – constituted by African countries, it promotes the valorization of its products, enabling competition with the Asian economy.
b) MERCOSUR – brings together all Latin American countries and aims to expand trade and the flow of people between its members.
c) CIS – brings together the countries of Western Europe that are led by England, which, in turn, holds the economic hegemony of this part of the continent.
d) European Union – formed by all the countries of Europe, it allows the free movement, on the continent, of people and goods.
e) NAFTA – formed by the countries of North America, eliminated tariff barriers between its members
Alternative e) NAFTA – formed by the countries of North America, eliminated tariff barriers between its members.
Let's analyze each of the alternatives:
a) The FTAA would be a bloc formed by all the countries of the American continent, but it never came to fruition.
b) Mercosur does not unite ALL Latin American countries, but Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay, Paraguay and Venezuela, which is currently suspended.
c) The CEI, for its part, is NOT led by England.
d) The European Union is not made up of all countries on the European continent. Switzerland and Norway, for example, are not part of the EU.
question 7
(UECE) The environmental issue must be understood as a product of society's intervention in nature. It concerns not only nature-related problems, but problems arising from social action.
RODRIGUES, Arlete Moysés. Production of and in space - urban environmental issues. Ed. Hucitec, 1998, p.8.
From the excerpt above, it can be correctly concluded that global environmental problems lie in:
a) in the way man in society appropriates nature.
b) in consumer relations and not in production relations.
c) mainly in the form of exploitation of non-renewable natural resources.
d) only in production relations, because these are not linked to consumption.
Alternative a) In the way man in society appropriates nature.
Alternative A is the most generic because it states, quite correctly, that environmental problems are the result of human action on nature. This is true, because by interfering with nature in a predatory way, the human population ends up disrupting the ecological balance.
question 8
(UFAL) One of the most debated topics in Human Geography today is globalization. On this topic, it is incorrect state the following:
a) Its origin can be identified in the mercantilist period beginning approximately in the 15th century.
b) The globalization of communications has its most prominent face on the world wide web, which allows for an intense flow of exchange of ideas and information.
c) The globalization of communications, paradoxically, has reduced the universal access to the means of communication, despite technological innovation. This is due to the market logic of the Capitalist System.
d) The effects of globalization on the labor market are evident with the creation of modalities of employment for countries with cheaper labor aimed at performing services that do not require high qualification.
e) Globalization intensifies the pace of changes in the means of production, tending to an increase in clean and sustainable technologies.
Alternative c) The globalization of communications, paradoxically, has reduced the universal access to the means of communication, despite technological innovation. This is due to the market logic of the Capitalist System.
The answer is incorrect because the globalization of communications has increased and not decreased, as the phrase states, the universalization of access to the means of communication.
question 9
(UFRN) Globalization is part of the expansion process of capitalism, which reaches the different spheres of society on a global scale.
On globalization, it is correct to say that it is a process which:
a) although it tends to homogenize the world space, it is selective and excluding.
b) although it tends to fragment the world space, it has reduced socioeconomic inequalities.
c) increases the production of wealth and leads to an equitable distribution of income among the countries of the world.
d) reduces competitiveness between countries and eases nationalist conflicts.
Alternative a) Although it tends to homogenize the world space, it is selective and excluding.
The globalization process does not bring the same benefits for everyone and that is why it is selective. Despite the opening of borders and the circulation of consumer and cultural goods, the fact is that the peripheries of the world are still excluded from the process and, thus, globalization is exclusive.
question 10
(UEPB) The globalization that marks the new phase of capitalist development is characterized by the globalization of production, circulation and consumption. This process was made possible by accelerated technical progress.
The rapid changes taking place in the economy and society today have the purpose of intensifying competitiveness, which is the driving force behind the globalization process. We can identify as competitive strategies of globalized capitalism:
I - The production of transgenics which, although controversial, is more productive, increases resistance to pests and creates dependence of producers on companies that control genetically seeds modified.
II - Customization, that is, the manufacture of custom-made products to meet the specifications of the final consumer, replacing the standardized production in series and with large inventories.
III - The flexibility of production through the adoption of the same productive standard of the assembly lines, distributed by several countries in the world, which reduces costs and removes the identification of a product as being of a nationality.
IV - Adoption of protectionism for national companies through subsidies and quotas to hinder the competition of foreign products within national territories.
Only the alternatives are correct:
a) I, II and III
b) I, III and IV
c) I and IV
d) II, III and IV
e) II and III
Alternative a) I, II and III
The first three sentences are correct because they reflect exactly what globalization is. A global scale automation and communication process whose objective is to produce at a low cost, paying less and selling dearly, in order to increase profits.
question 11
Globalization was a process started in the 1990s. For the industry, one of the main consequences was:
a) reorganization of the labor market, with the reduction of labor rights only in developed countries.
b) spatial deconcentration of industry and technology that can be anywhere in the world.
c) improvement of working conditions in Asian countries in general and in China in particular.
d) end of slave labor registered in countries on the periphery of capitalism.
Alternative b) spatial deconcentration of industry and technology that can be anywhere in the world.
From the 1990s onwards, the industry began to disperse, not only in the national territory, but across the globe. So it's a lot to manufacture machine parts in various parts of the world.
The other options did not occur in the process we call Globalization.
question 12
Among the characteristics of globalization we can mention:
a) productive reorganization based on Toyotism.
b) emergence of new companies based on state capital
c) expansion of social policies combined with the incorporation of new technologies.
e) expansion of financial capital and emergence of economic blocks.
Correct alternative: e) expansion of financial capital and emergence of economic blocks.
Globalization privileges financial services (banks, insurance, national debt) over activities such as agriculture and industry. In turn, economic blocks are the possibility of opening the market to neighbors on the same continent or region.
question 13
About Globalization, we CANNOT affirm
a) Most global financial institutions have their headquarters located in developed countries.
b) The advance of telecommunications has not had an impact on the world of work.
c) The State ceases to intervene in the economy through its state-owned companies, limiting itself to the role of regulator.
e) The regional economic blocs were formed with the aim of strengthening the markets of continental neighbors.
Alternative b) The advance of telecommunications had no impact on the world of work.
Telecommunications advances are among the phenomenon that has had the most impact in recent decades. Not only in the world of work, but in private and public relations.
question 14
When analyzing the technological advance that took place during the Globalization process, it is correct to state:
a) Technological advances happened simultaneously across the planet.
b) The service sector lost ground in the globalized world, while the “green” industry gained ground due to the pressure of the ecological movement.
c) There is a trend of Asian media monopolies to the detriment of American companies that dominated the market.
d) Information and capital flows are increasing, following the new technological trend.
e) The economic growth of developing countries has become a reality, as knowledge is now democratically disseminated through the internet.
Alternative d) Information and capital flows are increasing, following the new technological trend.
Increasingly, the world is connected and new technologies and products are created every day in order to improve communications.
question 15
Globalization is an economic, social and cultural process that brings nations around the world together. About the cultural aspect we can observe:
a) in the popularization of the English language, in all social spheres.
b) in European hegemony through scientific and cultural funding programs
c) the emergence of nationalization movements that are against globalization
d) in the strengthening of cultural relations between developing and developed countries.
Alternative a) in the popularization of the English language, especially in the Asian continent
With globalization, the English language has become the main language of business and social relations. This has happened in all parts of the world, where the demand for English schools and teachers has increased.
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