The State of Espírito Santo is located in the Southeast region of Brazil. The capital is Vitória and the acronym ES. Whoever is born in Espírito Santo is called Espirito Santo.
The population of Espírito Santo is approximately 3.5 million inhabitants, according to the IBGE (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics). Espírito Santo has 78 municipalities that share a territory of 46,096,925 square kilometers.
The most important cities are: the capital Vitória, Vila Velha, Cariacica, Serra and Cachoeira do Itapemirim.
Espírito Santo State Flag
Economy
Espírito Santo's economy is based mainly on agriculture and industry. A significant part of the income is also in mineral extraction from oil, natural gas and limestone reserves.
The most prominent products are coffee, rice, corn, beans, pineapples, cocoa, cassava and papaya. In animal husbandry, cattle, pigs and birds stand out.
History
The area now occupied by the State of Espírito Santo was donated by the Portuguese crown to Vasco Fernandes Coutinho. The Portuguese nobleman arrived at the captaincy on May 23, 1535. As it was Sunday, the region was baptized with the name Espírito Santo.
Until the 17th century, the area was the target of wars between the Portuguese and the Indians. French, English and Dutch promoted several invasions in the region, which was part of Bahian territory.
During this period, sugar mills were created that enabled the installation of the first villages. The region grew, but the economy, based on agriculture and trade, weakened and the Crown resumed administration.
It was in 1810 that Espírito Santo acquired autonomy. In 1823, the region started to attract German, Swiss, Azorean and Dutch immigrants.
After the end of slavery in 1888, Italian immigrants also joined the migratory currents that peaked between 1892 and 1896. The Italians contributed to the resumption of growth in coffee plantations.
Agricultural performance gave rise to the name Capixaba, which in the Tupi language means good land for farming.
Relief
The Espírito Santo territory is divided between the coast, plateau and the Atlantic coast. In the mountainous region are located the Chibata mountain range and Pico da Bandeira, with 2,890 meters high. It is the third largest peak in the country.
The climate of Espírito Santo is of humid tropical influence. The average annual temperature is 23º C.
The most important river is the Doce, whose source is in Minas Gerais and travels 944 kilometers along Espírito Santo. The other rivers that make up the Espírito Santo basin are the São Mateus, Itaúna, Itapemirim, Jucu, Itabapoana and Mucurí.
Tourism
The availability of natural resources in Espírito Santo allows the wide exploration of ecotourism. Among the main tourist attractions are the beaches, peaks, the Onça Grotto – in the Atlantic Forest – Ilha do Frade and Ilha do Boi. All located in Vitória, where the Moscoso Park is also located.
The state also offers natural pools for thermal water treatment and a vast cultural heritage. They are museums and buildings from the colonial period that have resisted time. Among the highlights is Guarapari, which emerged from a mission founded by Father Anchieta, in 1585.
Culture
Capixaba culture is a mix of European and indigenous influences. The main festivals date back to German and Portuguese tradition.
Keep studying! read:
- Southeastern States
- Southeast region
- Southeast Region Economy
- Climate of the Southeast Region
- Southeast culture
- Brazil states
- Acronyms of Brazilian States
