Verbs are used to place a speech in time.
This way, they allow the interlocutors to know if a certain sentence refers to the past, the present or the future, for example.
As in the Portuguese language, the verbs in spanish present three conjunctions.
Are they:
- first conjugation: -ar
- second conjugation: -er
- third conjugation: -ir
First conjugation (first conjugation)
Are classified as verbs of first conjugation those that end in –air.
Examples of Spanish verbs ending in -air:
- talk
- sing
- dance
- love
- be
Second conjugation (second conjugation)
Are classified as verbs of second conjugation the verbs ending in –er
Examples of Spanish verbs ending in -er:
- do
- eat
- sell
- tener
- to fear
Third conjugation (third conjugation)
Are classified as verbs of third conjugation the verbs ending in –go
Examples of Spanish verbs ending in -go:
- leave
- live
- come
- move up
- scribe
Classification of verbs (classification of verbs)
With regard to conjugation or inflection, Spanish verbs can be classified as regular verbs or irregular verbs.
Regular verbs
As with the Portuguese language verbs, the regular verbs in Spanish do not suffer alterations in their stem.
Regular verbs follow the same conjugation model according to a given tense and mood.
See the tables below with examples of conjugated verbs in Spanish:
Spanish verb in the present tense (1st conjugation): talk (speak)
| talk | |
|---|---|
| yo | hablo |
| you | hablas/hablas |
| usted | habla |
| he/she | habla |
| nosotros/nosotras | we talk |
| vosotros/vosotras | hablais |
| usted | haban |
| they/they | haban |
Spanish verb in the present tense (2nd conjugation): eat
| eat | |
|---|---|
| yo | like |
| you | eat/eat |
| usted | eats |
| he/she | eats |
| nosotros/nosotras | we ate |
| vosotros/vosotras | eat |
| usted | eat |
| they/they | eat |
Spanish verb in the present tense (3rd conjugation): leave
| leave | |
|---|---|
| yo | childbirth |
| you | parts/parts |
| usted | part |
| he/she | part |
| nosotros/nosotras | we leave |
| vosotros/vosotras | partis |
| usted | parthen |
| they/they | parthen |
Irregular verbs
Irregular verbs are those that undergo changes in the stem.
therefore, they do not have the same conjugation model verbal according to a given tense and mood.
Look at the tables below and learn more about the conjugation of irregular verbs in Spanish:
Spanish verb in the present tense (1st conjugation): judging
| judging | |
|---|---|
| yo | game |
| you | juegas/jugas |
| usted | play |
| he/she | play |
| nosotros/nosotras | we play |
| vosotros/vosotras | jugal |
| usted | juegan |
| they/they | juegan |
Spanish verb in the present tense (2nd conjugation): to be
| to be | |
|---|---|
| yo | I am |
| you | eres/sos |
| usted | are you |
| he/she | are you |
| nosotros/nosotras | are |
| vosotros/vosotras | you are |
| usted | son |
| they/they | son |
Now that you've seen the verb conjugation to be in Spanish, see also how ending verbs are conjugated –go.
Spanish verb in the present tense (3rd conjugation): decide
| decide | |
|---|---|
| yo | I say |
| you | indexes/decises |
| usted | index |
| he/she | index |
| nosotros/nosotras | tenths |
| vosotros/vosotras | decide |
| usted | dicen |
| they/they | dicen |
Verb tenses (verbal times)
The tenses are divided into gift, past and future and can be simple, compounds, perfect and imperfect.
All tenses are subordinate to a particular verb mode.
In the Spanish language, the verbal modes are: indicative, subjunctive and imperative.
Look at the table below with the tenses and verb modes of the Spanish language. The verb used as a model is the verb talk (speak).
Verb talk
| Indicative mode | ||
|---|---|---|
|
Gift yo skilledO |
Past Imperfect or Copreterite yo skilledtab |
Simple Conditional or Postpreterite yo skilledaria |
|
Past tense Perfecto Simple or Past yo skilledé |
Simple Future or Future yo skilledare |
|
|
Price perfect yo he said |
Price I used to talk |
Conditional composite/Antepospreterite I would talk hablado |
|
Price Previous/Preprevious yo hube hablado |
Composite future/Antefuture yo habré hablado |
| Subjunctive Mode | ||
|---|---|---|
|
Gift (that) yo habland |
Past Imperfect or Past (si) yo hablplow/hablase |
Simple Future or Future (when) yo hablare |
|
Price perfect composite/Prepresent (that) yo haya hablado |
Price pluscuamperfecto/Antepretérito (si) yo hubiera/hubiese hablado |
Composite future/Antefuture (when) yo hubiere hablado |
| Imperative mode |
|---|
habThe/hablá you |
Verbal modes (verbal modes)
Indicative mode
Indicates something concrete, possible and real.
Yo I'm engineer. (I am an engineer.)
subjunctive mode
Indicates desire, doubt, imagined fact, possibility or supposition.
I don't think she's 20 years old. (I can't believe she's 20 years old.)
Imperative mode
Indicates advice, requests, obligations and orders.
Ask la cuenta, please. (Ask for the bill, please.)
Spanish verb forms
Verbal forms can be personal or non-personal.
At personal verb forms indicate the grammatical people (yo, you, él, ella, usted, vosotros, vosotras, nosotros, nosotras, ellos, ellas, ustedes).
already the forms not personal do not indicate grammatical persons and are subdivided into three classifications:
- Infinitive: hablar, dance, sing, eat, sell, do, come, break, go.
- Gerund: hablando, dancing, singing, eating, vendiendo, haciendo, viniendo, partiendo, yendo.
- Participle: hablado, danced, sung, eaten, sold, hecho, venido, party, gone.
Note that verb forms are classified into simple and composed.
Compound forms are formed with the auxiliary verb know (have) conjugate + participle of the main verb.
He played with them. (I played with them.)
The compound forms integrate the following verb tenses:
- Perfecto past tense or present
- Previous past tense or Antepreterite
- Past Pluscuamperfecto or Antecopretertio
- Composite Future or Antefuture
- Compute Conditional or Antepospreterite
- Past Perfectcomposite or present
- Past Pluscuamperfecto or Antepreterite
- Composite Future or fore-future
Note the inflections of the verb talk (speak) to learn to conjugate Spanish verbs.
Past Perfecto Compuesto del Indicativo: verb know in the present tense + the participle of the main verb
| yo | hey |
|---|---|
| you | you have spoken |
| usted | haha |
| he/she | haha |
| nosotros/nosotras | we're talking |
| vosotros/vosotras | skillful hablado |
| usted | ha ha |
| they/they | ha ha |
Past Perfecto Compuesto del Subjuntivo: verb know in the present tense of the subjunctive + the participle of the main verb
| (that) yo | haya hablado |
|---|---|
| (that) you | hayas hablado |
| (that) usted | haya hablado |
| (that) is he/she | haya hablado |
| (that) nosotros/nosotras | hayamos hablado |
| (that) vosotros/vosotras | hayais hablado |
| (that) usted | hayan hablado |
| (that) they/they | hayan hablado |
Past tense Pluscuamperfecto del Indicativo: verb know in the imperfect tense of the indicative + the participle of the main verb
| yo | there was talk |
|---|---|
| you | you would talk |
| usted | there was talk |
| he/she | there was talk |
| nosotros/nosotras | we had chatted |
| vosotros/vosotras | habiais hablado |
| usted | habian hablado |
| they/they | habian hablado |
Past tense Pluscuamperfecto del Subjuntivo: verb know in the imperfect past tense of the subjunctive + the participle of the main verb
| (si) yo | hubiera/hubiese hablado |
|---|---|
| (you) you | hubieras/hubieses hablado |
| (si) usted | hubiera/hubiese hablado |
| (if) he/she | hubiera/hubiese hablado |
| (si) nosotros/nosotras | hubieramos/hubiesemos hablado |
| (si) vosotros/vosotras | hubierais/ hubieseis hablado |
| (if you) | hubieran/hubiesen hablado |
| (if) they/they | hubieran/hubiesen hablado |
Previous Indicative Past: verb know in the past tense + the participle of the main verb
| yo | hube hablado |
|---|---|
| you | hubiste hablado |
| usted | hubo hablado |
| he/she | hubo hablado |
| nosotros/nosotras | hubimos hablado |
| vosotros/vosotras | hubisteis hablado |
| usted | hubisteis hablado |
| they/they | hubieron hablado |
Future Compuesto del Indicativo: verb know in the simple future + the participle of the main verb
| yo | habre habrado |
|---|---|
| you | habra hablado |
| usted | habra hablado |
| he/she | habra hablado |
| nosotros/nosotras | hablado |
| vosotros/vosotras | habréis hablado |
| usted | Habrán Habrado |
| they/they | Habrán Habrado |
Future Compuesto del Subjuntivo: verb know in the simple future of the subjunctive + the participle of the main verb
| (when) yo | hubiere hablado |
|---|---|
| (when) you | hubieres hablado |
| (when) usted | hubiere hablado |
| (when) he/she | hubiere hablado |
| (when) nosotros/nosotras | hubieremos hablado |
| (when) vosotros/vosotras | hubiereis hablado |
| (when) ustedes | hubieren hablado |
| (when) they/they | hubieren hablado |
Conditional Compuesto del Indicativo: verb know in the conditional + the participle of the main verb
| yo | habria hablado |
|---|---|
| you | habrias hablado |
| usted | habria hablado |
| he/she | habria hablado |
| nosotros/nosotras | we had hablado |
| vosotros/vosotras | habríais hablado |
| usted | habrian hablado |
| they/they | habrian hablado |
Spanish verb list
Below are some of the most used verbs in Spanish:
| verb in spanish | Translation |
|---|---|
accustom |
get used |
love |
love |
walk |
walk |
| act | Act |
| drink | drink |
| walk | to walk |
| coger | to take |
| eat | eat |
| contest | answer |
| run | run |
| to give | to give |
| decide | to say |
| describe | to describe |
| ditch | to design |
| to sleep | to sleep |
| elect | to choose |
| scribe | write |
| listen | to listen |
| be | be |
| study | to study |
| know | be |
| talk | speak |
| do | to do |
| to imagine | to imagine |
| intend | try |
| go | go |
| judging | to play |
| read | to read |
| call | Call |
| cry | to cry |
| to aim | to look |
| hello | to hear |
| to hate | to hate |
| to take | necklace |
| think | think |
| power | power |
| poner | per |
| poser | to possess |
| ask | to ask |
| present | to introduce |
| to want | to want |
| regale | present |
| to know | to know |
| get out | get out |
Video
Watch the video below and learn the conjugation of verbs be, to be and tener.
ANDexercises
1. (IF-PA/2015)
Cervantes and Shakespeare: they didn't know, they didn't copy, they didn't die in the same day.
The International Libro Day is commemorated today because that day, in 1616, fell to the greatest writers of universal literature: Cervantes and Shakespeare. But this coincidence is wrong with the majority of theories about the parallels in his life and work. Many experts throughout history have compared and found similarities between Don Quijote and Hamlet or el rey Lear, between Sancho and Falstaff, in the new mix of genres that will use them from the geniuses, simply in their contemporaneity of life and of death. But, in reality, the semjanzas between both geniuses are scarce.
La close of death
The most widespread error is the closing of your death. It has always been maintained that both died on April 23, 1616, but no one did so at that close. Cervantes died at the 22nd and was buried at the 23rd, while he differentiates it from closings and is a mayor with Shakespeare, that at that time England was governed by the Julian calendar, so that in reality its death was produced on the 3rd of mayo.
never meet
Cervantes never oyo hablar del genius of Stratford-upon-Avon; Shakespeare may ni siquiera leyera El Quijote entero; their lives are totally opposed; uno es novelista and the other playwright; drama in front of comedy; it seems difficult to draw direct influences from one to another.
More differences than semjanzas
The coincidences are minimal. The only sure date is that Shakespeare read the first part of the Quijote and that there is a lost work of it that is preserved in a summary" en la que el inglés - together with a collaborator - resumes the personaje of Cardenio, who appears in an episode of the main work of Cervantes.
"All too much is conjecture", says the director of the Department of Spanish Philology and its didactics at the University de Huelva, Luis Gómez Canseco, author, with Zenón Luis-Martínez, of Entre Cervantes y Shakespeare: Sendas del Renacimiento.
Even more skeptical was shown by Professor Michael Bell, from the Department of English and Comparative Literature at the Universidad from Warwick (central England), who asserted that "it would be very complicated" to prove that the English genius read the work of the español.
But the reality has not discouraged the imagination of other writers who in current times have tried to try to invent relationships, encounters or influences between geniuses. Carlos Fuentes, for example, recogió in a book of essays published in 1988 a very extensive theory that states that "you both might have been the misma persona".
The British Anthony Burgess of the Encuentro de Valladolid in his account of a hypothetical meeting between the writers. Tom Stoppard, the British playwright, who recreated the conversation that could have sustained Shakespeare and Cervantes si el español Hubiera formed part of his country's delegation that went to Sommerset House from May to August 1604 to negotiate peace between the two countries.
And the Spanish film Miguel y William, which fantasizes, in a comedy tone, with a meeting by Miguel de Cervantes and William Shakespeare, in the Spain of finales of the 16th siglo.
"Similar cultural influences"
But these similarities of style were probably due to the simple reason that the writers coincided in an epoch and a future "similar cultural influences", in addition to the same "lectures", which led them to offer "parallel literary solutions", according to Gómez Tiredness.
In its judgment it is only important and in the hecho that Shakespeare could have read el Quijote, which is "not especially significant". Nor is it especially significant that the Día del Libro was based on an erroneous premise because, only on April 23, 1616, no murieron ni Cervantes ni Shakespeare, si lo hizo el Inca Garcilaso de la Vega and también en this close nacieron Vladímir Nabokov, Josep Pla and Manuel Mejía Vallejo.
(Source: http://cultura.elpais.com/cultura/2008/04/22/actualidad/1208815215_850215.html)
In the sentences: I ensured that "it would be very complicated" to prove that the English genius leyera the work of Spanish and a very extended theory that states that "you might both fueran la misma persona". Verbs in bold are conjugated in:
a) past tense imperfect of subjunctive.
b) perfect past tense of indicative.
c) imperfect indicative past tense.
d) perfect past tense of subjunctive.
e) pluscuamperfecto of subjunctive.
Correct alternative: a) past tense imperfect of subjunctive.
Bearing in mind that the verbs in bold are leyera, verb form of leer (read), and fueron, verb form de ser, see how the conjugation of these verbs in the verbal tenses suggested as an alternative to answer:
a) past tense imperfect of subjunctive
Verb read:
Si yo leyera/leyese
Si leyeras/leyeses
Si usted leyera / leyese
If he/she reads/leyese
Si nosotros/nosotras leyéramos/leyésemos
If you are leyeral / leyeseis
Si ustedes leyeran/leyesen
Si ellos/ellas leyeran/leyesen
Verb to be:
Si yo fuera/fuese
Si you fueras/fueses
Si usted fuera/fuese
If he/she was/fuese
Si nosotros/nosotras fuéramos/fuésemos
Si vosotros/vesotras fuerais/fueseis
Si ustedes fueran/fuesen
Si ellos/ellas fueran/fuesen
b) perfect past tense of indicative.
verb read
yo lei
you read
Usted leyó
he/she leyó
Nosotros/nosotras we read
Vosotros / Vosotras Leistile
Ustedes leyeron
Ellos/ellas leyeron
Verb to be
yo i went
you were
used fue
he/she was
Ours / ours were
Vosotro / Fustile Vosotras
Ustedes fueron
Ellos/ellas fueron
c) imperfect indicative past tense.
verb read
yo read
you read
usted read
he/she reads
We read
Loyal Vosotros/Vosotras
Ustedes leian
Ellos/they read
Verb to be
yo was
You were
usted was
he/she was
Ours/we were
eral vosotros/vosotras
Ustedes were
they were
d) perfect past tense of subjunctive.
Verb read:
what yo haya read
What are you reading?
that usted haya read
What is she read?
That ours/nosotras hayamos read
What hayáis hayáis read
What ustedes hayan read
What have they read?
Verb to be:
what have you been
What have you been
what have you been
What has she been?
How have we been
What have you been
What have you been
What have they been?
e) pluscuamperfecto of subjunctive.
Verb read:
si yo hubiera/hubiese read
you hubieras/hubieses read
si usted hubiera/hubiese read
if he/she hubiera/hubiese read
si nosotros/nosotras hubiéramos/hubiésemos read
si vosotros/hubierais yous/hubieseis read
si ustedes hubieran/hubiesen read
si ellos/ellas hubieran/hubiesen read
Verb to be:
si yo hubiera/hubiese been
you hubieras/hubieses been
si usted hubiera/hubiese been
if he/she hubiera/hubiese been
si nosotros/nosotras hubiéramos/hubiésemos been
si vosotros/hubierais yous/hubieseis been
si ustedes hubieran/hubiesen been
si they/they hubieran/hubiesen been
Considering the above conjugations, the correct alternative is a) past tense imperfect of subjunctive.
2. (FUNCAB/2014) After reading the message, he disputes:
The function of the verbs that appear in the cartel is:
a) give advice
b) persuade
c) order
d) express desires
e) express hypotheses
Correct alternative: a) give advice
The phrase “Mantén la calm y aprende español” indicates one of the functions of using the imperative mode: to indicate suggestion.
“Mantén” is a verb form of “maintain” (maintain) and “learn” is a verb form of “learn”.
See below the conjugation of both verbs in the imperative mode:
maintain (maintain)
Keep / keep you
Keeper usted
Maintained vosotros/vosotras
Keep us on
Learn
Learn/learn yourself
learn usted
Learning yours/yous
learnn ustedes
1 What time is it?, my heart
Tell you so much
stay a la escucha
4 Doce de la noche in Havana, Cuba
Once a night in San Salvador, El Salvador
Once de la night in Managua, Nicaragua
7 I like them aviones, I like you
I like traveling, I like you
Like me la mañana, do you like me?
10 I like el viento, do you like me?
I like dreaming, I like you
I like the sea, I like you
(Manu Chao, Song: You like me. Internet: www.google.com.br)
Based on the excerpt of the lyrics of one of the songs by Manu Chao previously presented, judge the next item.
In the expression “Te lo dije” (v.2), the verb form “dije” — which is conjugated in indefinite past tense — is derived from an irregular verb.
a) right
b) wrong
Correct alternative: a) Right
The verb "decir" (to say) is an irregular verb as it does not follow a conjugation model.
“Dije” is the first person singular verb form of the Past Perfecto Simple.
In a regular verb, the first person singular of the Past Perfecto Simple is formed by adding “-í” to the root of the verb.
Example: yo partí
Read more about the Indefinite past tense in Spanish (Simple perfect past tense)
4. (SEE-DF/2018)
With text relation, judge the subsequent item.
The verbal forms “encaró” (line 5) and “discarded” (line 18) express a completed action and refer to Pierre Menard, personaje del cuento by Borges.
a) right
b) wrong
Correct alternative: b) Wrong
The verb forms “encaró” (faced) and “discard” (discarded) indicate a completed action.
However, although “encaró” refers to Pierre Menard, “descartó” refers to the word “procedimiento”.
Read too: days of the week in spanish
