The Pampa Biome is one of the most beautiful types of natural landscapes and is located in South America and, in Brazil, in parts of the state of Rio Grande do Sul. It is also known as Southern FieldsorGaucho Campaign, because it is found only in the southern portion of our country and also on the continent.
The main feature of the Pampa Biome is its vegetation, which has an herbaceous composition, ie, basically formed by grasses and small plant species, not exceeding 50 cm in height. This type of landscape has two well-defined types: the so-called clean fields and the dirty fields.
Clear fields occur when the vegetation does not have shrubs, gaining a more homogeneous landscape, that is, more regular, without very large differences between one part and the other. Dirty fields, on the other hand, occur when there is a greater presence of these shrubs, which “blend” into the landscape.
The area of the Pampa in Brazil is approximately 176,496 km², which corresponds to 63% of the total area of Rio Grande do Sul and 2% of the Brazilian territory, constituting an important Brazilian natural domain, although much of its original area has been devastated. It is good to remember that the pampa also extends to parts of several other countries in South America, such as Chile, Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay.
The climate of the Pampa is very mild, with average annual temperatures that do not usually exceed 20ºC. The seasons of the year are very well defined and the rains are well distributed over the succession of months.
THE fauna and flora of the pampa are quite diversified, given the ancient character of this forest formation. There are a lot of species, some of them not yet catalogued. Data from the Ministry of the Environment estimate that there are more than 3,000 types of plants, 500 types of birds and 100 species of mammals. Among the most common species, we can mention the want-want, O perdigion, the vicuna, the emu and many others.
Vicunha, a typical Pampa animal
Although the Pampa soils are not very fertile, there is an increasingly intense monoculture agricultural practice. Despite this, the main economic activity in the region is cattle raising, facilitated by the slightly undulating flat relief. As a result, much of this biome was devastated, leaving only 30% of the original vegetation, which generated deep impacts, such as the risk of extinction of some species, increased erosion and the intensification of the sanding process of the soils.
For this reason, it is necessary to contain agricultural expansion activities in the region, expand reserve areas and conserve to the maximum what is left of this important biome, as its resources and its natural beauties can be exhausted. morning.
By Me. Rodolfo Alves Pena
