With a large territorial extension and climatic variation, Brazil is home to several types of vegetation, with emphasis on the Caatinga, Campos, Cerrado, Amazon Forest, Mangroves, Atlantic Forest, Araucaria Forest, Cocais Forest and Pantanal.
Caatinga: occupying an area of approximately 800 thousand square kilometers, the Caatinga is the only biome exclusively in Brazil. It is typical of semiarid regions and can be found in the states of Ceará, Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Sergipe, Alagoas, Bahia, Piauí and Minas Gerais. The vegetation is marked by xerophilic plants, adapted to the dry climate and the limited availability of water. The fauna is represented by reptiles, rodents, hyacinth macaws, white wing, agouti, etc.
Caatinga
Campos: this type of vegetation occupies discontinuous areas in the country, being more common in the southern region, especially in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. The vegetation of Campos is formed by herbaceous plants, grasses and small shrubs.
Cerrado: considered the second largest biome in Brazil, the Cerrado is present in different Brazilian states, being predominant in the Midwest region. Among the outstanding characteristics of this type of vegetation are the trees with crooked stems and the soil with few nutrients. The fauna is represented by the giant anteater, maned wolf, armadillo, deer, among other species.
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Amazon Forest: it is the largest tropical forest in the world, in addition to having the greatest biodiversity. It occupies about 42% of the national territory, being present in the North Region and in the states of Mato Grosso and Maranhão, in addition to other countries in South America. Broadleaf species predominate, common in regions with equatorial, hot and humid climates. The number of animal species is very large, but we can highlight the alligator, the boa constrictor, monkeys, tortoises, etc.
Mangrove: found in different coastal areas, where rivers flow, this biome is characterized by being a flooded area with a muddy and brackish bottom. The main animals of the mangroves are the crab and the oyster.
Mangrove
Atlantic Forest: it is one of the richest biomes in the world in species of fauna and flora. Its vegetation is very diverse, with large trees with broad leaves. Human activities have drastically reduced the original area of the Atlantic Forest, which is considered one of the most threatened biomes on the planet.
Araucaria Forest: it is a typical vegetation of subtropical climate regions. In Brazil, it can be found in the states of the Southern Region and in São Paulo. Its vegetation is formed by aciculifoliate trees, with needle-shaped leaves. The dominant species is the Araucaria angustifolia, scientific name of the Paraná pine tree.
Araucaria Forest
Cocais Forest: occupying areas in the states of Maranhão, Piauí and Tocantins, this biome is considered a transition zone between the Amazon and the Sertão Nordestino. The vegetation is formed by palm trees, with a predominance of babassu and carnauba, in addition to buriti and oiticica.
Pantanal: this biome is considered one of the largest floodplains in the world. The Pantanal is present in the states of Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul, in addition to the territories of Paraguay and Bolivia. It houses more than 3,500 species of plants and various animals: alligator, capybara, toucan, jaguar, monkeys, etc.
By Wagner de Cerqueira and Francisco
Graduated in Geography
Kids School Team
