doping is the use of drugs or specific methods aimed at increasing an athlete's performance during a competition.
The word "doping" is of English origin, used in turf, means illicit injection of a stimulant drug applied to the race animal in order to ensure its victory.
Doping is prohibited in sports because, in addition to harming health, it is unethical conduct by the athlete by providing an unfair competitive advantage over other athletes.
Doping control is done through the exam anti-doping which consists of collecting a urine sample from the athlete immediately after the end of a competition. Surprise exams are also frequently performed on athletes.
The AMA - World Anti-Doping Agency (in English: WADA - World Anti-Doping Agency) is responsible for determining the prohibited substances and combating the practice of doping among athletes.
Prohibited substances are grouped into the following categories:
- Stimulants: reduce fatigue and increase adrenaline.
- Narcotics: lessen the sensation of pain.
- Anabolic steroids: increase muscle strength.
- Diuretics: used to control weight and also to mask doping.
- Beta blockers: lower the athlete's blood pressure. They are used in archery and archery competitions to keep the athlete's hands stable.
- Peptide and analogue hormones: increase muscle volume and power.
Another prohibited method is the doping blood, a transfusion in which an athlete's blood is injected into the athlete to increase oxygen in the tissues.