You factors and elements that condition the climate are the set of processes involving the natural elements responsible for determining atmospheric variation in different places on Earth.
We know that climate dynamics presents a large amount of oscillations depending on the different areas that make up space Earth, so that understanding the elements responsible for this differentiation is essential not only to identify the causes for a particular weather phenomenon, but also to make predictions and better understand the interference of human beings in this question.
Index
- Climatic factors
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Climatic Elements
- Radiation
- Temperature
- Moisture
- Atmospheric pressure
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Factors
- Latitude
- Altitude
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Maritimeity and Continentality
- Vegetation
- air masses
- Relief
- Ocean currents
Climatic factors
Per Climatic factors, it is understood the set of fixed elements or with a lesser transience, responsible for the atmospheric conditioning that characterizes the climate of a given region in a longer period of time.
Thus, these elements explain, for example, why one region is warmer than the other or why an area has a dry or humid period in certain parts of the year, among numerous other cases. The climatic factors are: a
latitude, a altitude, a maritime, at air masses, a vegetation, O relief and the Ocean currents.already the climatic elements they are natural manifestations intrinsically linked to immediate atmospheric dynamics. They are the set of atmospheric manifestations that, when measured, allow us to identify the climatic or meteorological characteristics of a given location. In this sense, the climatic elements are: a radiation, a temperature, a atmospheric pressure and air humidity.
Climatic Elements
Radiation
THE radiation, the first among the climate elements mentioned, involves the heat received by the earth's surface and radiated by the atmosphere. Only part of the heat of the total sun is received by the ground, so another part is reflected by the atmosphere and its component elements, such as gases and clouds. The maintenance of this heat is guaranteed by the greenhouse effect.
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Temperature
THE temperature corresponds to the amount of heat measured in the atmosphere. Its variation over a given period of time is called thermal range, and is conditioned by numerous factors, such as the presence of vegetation and proximity to the sea.
Moisture
THE moisture is the amount of water present in the air in the form of vapor, so that the greater this humidity, the smaller the thermal amplitude tends to be.
Also, it is possible to differ two types of moisture: a absolute, corresponding to the total values of water in the atmosphere, and the relative, which is equivalent to the amount of water in the air in relation to what is needed for rain.
Atmospheric pressure
THE atmospheric pressure, in turn, corresponds to the force exerted by air on the surface, being measured in millibars (mb). When this pressure is too strong, temperatures tend to rise and, when too low, the air becomes thin and the environment tends to get colder.
Factors
Latitude
THE latitude is the distance, in degrees, of any point on Earth from the Equator. Thus, in equatorial areas, which are those of low latitudes, there is a greater receipt of solar radiation, while in the polar areas (high latitudes), there is less heat. With that, we have to the higher the latitude, the lower the temperature tends to be.
Altitude
THE altitude influences the climate through atmospheric pressure. In higher regions, this pressure is usually lower and so are the temperatures. Thus, the higher the altitude, the lower the temperatures, as the pressure is greater at sea level.
Maritimeity and Continentality
The relationship between maritimeity and continentality – that is, the position of a region close to the coast or in the interior of continents – is also important in measuring temperatures.
In the end, the closer to the sea, the more moisture a location tends to accumulate, which reduces the temperature variation. Likewise, regions with greater continentality tend to be drier and, therefore, present a greater thermal amplitude, except when some other factor generates this moisture, such as vegetation.
Vegetation
THE vegetation, so it is another climate conditioner, depending on the type of physiognomy. In addition to generating a lot of moisture through the evapotranspiration, forests help absorb the sun's rays and generate greater rainfall. Thus, the removal of this vegetation can generate severe atmospheric impacts.
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air masses
At air masses, in turn, are among the best known climatic factors. They consist of air movement caused by atmospheric pressure variation between different regions.
Thus, they transform the climate of the areas according to their characteristics, in addition to the fact that the meeting between two different masses generates the air fronts, which can be both cold and hot.
Relief
O relief it can also influence the weather. Both in determining altitudes and in the formation of natural barriers that prevent the passage of air and/or moisture.
In many cases, mountain ranges or plateau clusters cause severe droughts in some areas by blocking the passage of rain clouds.
Ocean currents
Finally, the Ocean currents, that is, the circulation of oceanic waters, determines the climate based on the temperature of these waters. In areas where warm currents circulate, evaporation from the sea is higher, generating more moisture that disperses to other regions.
On the other hand, cold currents reduce this evaporation, interfere with atmospheric pressure and pull moisture from other places, causing drought in some locations.
By Rodolfo F. Alves Feather
Master in Geography
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